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Remote Sensing
Volume 15
Issue 4
10.3390/rs15041137
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Review

SAR-to-Optical Image Translation and Cloud Removal Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Evaluation Indicators, Limits and Future Directions

by
Quan Xiong
1,
Guoqing Li
1,*,
Xiaochuang Yao
2 and
Xiaodong Zhang
2
1
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2
College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(4), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041137
Submission received: 25 November 2022 / Revised: 15 February 2023 / Accepted: 17 February 2023 / Published: 19 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Earth Observations of Forest and Wetland Environment)
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Abstract

Due to the limitation of optical images that their waves cannot penetrate clouds, such images always suffer from cloud contamination, which causes missing information and limitations for subsequent agricultural applications, among others. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is able to provide surface information for all times and all weather. Therefore, translating SAR or fusing SAR and optical images to obtain cloud-free optical-like images are ideal ways to solve the cloud contamination issue. In this paper, we investigate the existing literature and provides two kinds of taxonomies, one based on the type of input and the other on the method used. Meanwhile, in this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages while using different data as input. In the last section, we discuss the limitations of these current methods and propose several possible directions for future studies in this field.
Keywords: synthetic aperture radar (SAR); optical images; translation; cloud removal; data fusion; conditional generative adversarial networks synthetic aperture radar (SAR); optical images; translation; cloud removal; data fusion; conditional generative adversarial networks

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xiong, Q.; Li, G.; Yao, X.; Zhang, X. SAR-to-Optical Image Translation and Cloud Removal Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Evaluation Indicators, Limits and Future Directions. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041137

AMA Style

Xiong Q, Li G, Yao X, Zhang X. SAR-to-Optical Image Translation and Cloud Removal Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Evaluation Indicators, Limits and Future Directions. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(4):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiong, Quan, Guoqing Li, Xiaochuang Yao, and Xiaodong Zhang. 2023. "SAR-to-Optical Image Translation and Cloud Removal Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Evaluation Indicators, Limits and Future Directions" Remote Sensing 15, no. 4: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041137

APA Style

Xiong, Q., Li, G., Yao, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). SAR-to-Optical Image Translation and Cloud Removal Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks: Literature Survey, Taxonomy, Evaluation Indicators, Limits and Future Directions. Remote Sensing, 15(4), 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041137

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