Bistatic Landmine and IED Detection Combining Vehicle and Drone Mounted GPR Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Scenario
2.2. Ray-Tracing
2.2.1. Field Computation
2.2.2. Implementation
2.3. FDFD
2.4. Inversion
3. Results
3.1. Scenario Configuration
- Multimonostatic, where the TX–RX (drone mounted transceiver) is placed at 65 different positions between down-track positions m and m at m height. The angle of incidence is (i.e., the antennas are aligned perpendicular to the soil surface, with main beam pointing straight down).
- Multistatic, where the TX is placed at a fixed position (on a vehicle, at down-track position m and height m) with main beam pointing at an angle of incidence of with the nominal ground surface, and the drone-mounted RX is looking downward and is moved to the same positions as in the multimonostatic case.
- Multibistatic, where the vehicle-mounted TX is placed at m height and is moved between down-track positions m and m and the drone-mounted RX is moved between the same positions as in the multimonostatic case. Thus, both TX and RX are moved coherently. The angles of incidence are for the TX and for the RX.
3.2. Initial Comparison: Scattered Field and B-Scan
3.3. SAR Image Comparison
3.3.1. Multimonostatic Simulations
3.3.2. Multistatic and Multibistatic Simulations
3.3.3. Effect of Inversion Path Length
3.4. Computational Performance
3.5. Effect of Rough Surface
3.6. Effect of Polarization
4. Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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Method | Multimonostatic | Multistatic | Multibistatic |
---|---|---|---|
RT | 6.1 s | 0.5 s | 9.2 s |
FDFD | 28.5 h | 32.2 min | 32.7 h |
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Garcia-Fernandez, M.; Morgenthaler, A.; Alvarez-Lopez, Y.; Las Heras, F.; Rappaport, C. Bistatic Landmine and IED Detection Combining Vehicle and Drone Mounted GPR Sensors. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 2299. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192299
Garcia-Fernandez M, Morgenthaler A, Alvarez-Lopez Y, Las Heras F, Rappaport C. Bistatic Landmine and IED Detection Combining Vehicle and Drone Mounted GPR Sensors. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(19):2299. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192299
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcia-Fernandez, Maria, Ann Morgenthaler, Yuri Alvarez-Lopez, Fernando Las Heras, and Carey Rappaport. 2019. "Bistatic Landmine and IED Detection Combining Vehicle and Drone Mounted GPR Sensors" Remote Sensing 11, no. 19: 2299. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192299
APA StyleGarcia-Fernandez, M., Morgenthaler, A., Alvarez-Lopez, Y., Las Heras, F., & Rappaport, C. (2019). Bistatic Landmine and IED Detection Combining Vehicle and Drone Mounted GPR Sensors. Remote Sensing, 11(19), 2299. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192299