Exploring the Effects of Innovation Strategies and Size on Manufacturing Firms’ Productivity and Environmental Impact
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
2.1. Sustainability, Productivity and Environmental Impact in Manufacturing Firms
2.2. Manufacturing Innovation Strategies
2.3. Firm Size, Innovation, Productivity and Environmental Impact
2.4. Innovation, Sustainability and Productivity in Developing Economies
3. Method
3.1. Data Description
3.2. Variables
3.3. Method and Regression Models
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions, Implications and Limitations
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Industry | Absolute | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
<50 Employees | ≥50 Employees | <50 Employees | ≥50 Employees | |
Food products processing | 30 | 105 | 11.28% | 20.00% |
Beverage manufacturing | 5 | 10 | 1.88% | 1.90% |
Manufacture of textile products | 12 | 38 | 4.51% | 7.24% |
Garment manufacturing | 20 | 26 | 7.52% | 4.95% |
Manufacture of leather products and related products | 14 | 13 | 5.26% | 2.48% |
Wood production and manufacture of wood and cork products | 13 | 11 | 4.89% | 2.10% |
Manufacture of paper and related products | 7 | 16 | 2.63% | 3.05% |
Printing and playback of recordings | 14 | 15 | 5.26% | 2.86% |
Manufacture of coke and petroleum refining products | 3 | 5 | 1.13% | 0.95% |
Manufacture of chemical substances and products | 18 | 49 | 6.77% | 9.33% |
Manufacture of pharmaceutical products, medicinal chemicals | 8 | 16 | 3.01% | 3.05% |
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products | 19 | 50 | 7.14% | 9.52% |
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products | 7 | 29 | 2.63% | 5.52% |
Manufacture of common metals | 7 | 10 | 2.63% | 1.90% |
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery | 18 | 54 | 6.77% | 10.29% |
Manufacture of computer products, electronics, and optics | 4 | 2 | 1.50% | 0.38% |
Electrical equipment manufacturing | 7 | 17 | 2.63% | 3.24% |
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.c.p. | 14 | 16 | 5.26% | 3.05% |
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers | 8 | 9 | 3.01% | 1.71% |
Manufacture of other transport equipment | 3 | 5 | 1.13% | 0.95% |
Furniture manufacturing | 17 | 7 | 6.39% | 1.33% |
Other manufacturing industries | 9 | 13 | 3.38% | 2.48% |
Repair and installation of machinery and equipment | 9 | 9 | 3.38% | 1.71% |
Total | 266 | 525 | 100% | 100% |
Variable | Mean | SD | Min | Max | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Productivity (1) | 1.64 | 1.14 | 0 | 3 | 1 | ||||
Environmental Impact (2) | 1.46 | 1.20 | 0 | 3 | 0.47 * | 1 | |||
Product Innovation (3) | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 | 0.15 * | 0.10 * | 1 | ||
Product–Service Innovation (PSI) (4) | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0 | 2 | 0.04 | 0.14 * | 0.05 | 1 | |
Process Innovation (5) | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.29 * | 0.23 * | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1 |
Size | 322.74 | 921.46 | 1 | 14447 | 0.07 * | 0.12 *** | 0.08 ** | 0.08 * | 0.07 * |
Manufacturing Innovation Strategy | Full Sample | <50 Employees | ≥50 Employees |
---|---|---|---|
Product Innovation | 31.23% | 28.20% | 32.76% |
Process Innovation | 60.71% | 57.14% | 62.67% |
Product–Service Innovation (PSI) | |||
None | 63.09% | 65.79% | 61.71% |
Product or service | 33.38% | 31.58% | 34.29% |
Product and service | 3.53% | 2.63% | 4.00% |
Variable | Productivity | Environmental Impact | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full Sample (1) | <50 Employees (2) | ≥50 Employees (3) | Full Sample (4) | <50 Employees (6) | ≥50 Employees (7) | |
Product innovation | 0.5968 *** | 0.8137 *** | 0.4695 *** | 0.3487 ** | 0.0803 | 0.3961 ** |
(0.1452) | (0.2688) | (0.1816) | (0.1440) | (0.2649) | (0.1806) | |
Process innovation | 1.1562 *** | 1.0441 *** | 1.2203 *** | 0.8229 *** | 0.4555 * | 1.0278 *** |
(0.1425) | (0.2508) | (0.1778) | (0.1408) | (0.2498) | (0.1775) | |
Product–Service innovation | 0.1065 | −0.0807 | 0.3246 ** | 0.4116 *** | 0.0962 | 0.4995 *** |
(0.1202) | (0.2276) | (0.1517) | (0.1187) | (0.2285) | (0.1495) | |
Industry FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0516 | 0.0689 | 0.0602 | 0.0443 | 0.0497 | 0.0666 |
cut 1 | −0.4212 ** | −0.4397 | −0.3466 | −0.0884 | −0.2900 | −0.0548 |
cut 2 | 0.1655 | 0.1737 | 0.2409 | 0.4488 ** | 0.2944 | 0.4919 ** |
cut 3 | 1.8396 *** | 2.0560 *** | 1.8666 *** | 1.7745 *** | 1.7413 *** | 1.8283 *** |
108.01 | 48.096 | 83.119 | 93.168 | 34.918 | 92.513 | |
(0.0000) | (0.0036) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0896) | (0.0000) | |
Log Likelihood | −991.6109 | −325.018 | −649.4250 | −1004.761 | −333.601 | −648.261 |
N | 791 | 266 | 525 | 791 | 266 | 525 |
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Seclen-Luna, J.P.; Moya-Fernández, P.; Pereira, Á. Exploring the Effects of Innovation Strategies and Size on Manufacturing Firms’ Productivity and Environmental Impact. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063289
Seclen-Luna JP, Moya-Fernández P, Pereira Á. Exploring the Effects of Innovation Strategies and Size on Manufacturing Firms’ Productivity and Environmental Impact. Sustainability. 2021; 13(6):3289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063289
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeclen-Luna, Jean Pierre, Pablo Moya-Fernández, and Ángeles Pereira. 2021. "Exploring the Effects of Innovation Strategies and Size on Manufacturing Firms’ Productivity and Environmental Impact" Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063289