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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 4
10.3390/su13041950
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Article

Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain

by
Jonathan Higgins
1,*,
John Zablocki
2,
Amy Newsock
1,
Andras Krolopp
3,
Phillip Tabas
4 and
Michael Salama
1,5
1
Protect Lands and Waters, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
2
Nevada State Program, The Nature Conservancy, Las Vegas, NV 89113, USA
3
Europe Region, The Nature Conservancy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
4
North America Region, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
5
Princeton Conservation Society, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041950
Submission received: 30 November 2020 / Revised: 2 February 2021 / Accepted: 5 February 2021 / Published: 11 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durable Protections for Free-Flowing Rivers)
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Abstract

Long-term protection is needed to secure threatened freshwater ecosystems and the social and biodiversity values they provide. In the face of existing and future pressures, current approaches to freshwater protection are often inadequate for maintaining ecosystem values into the future. While terrestrial and marine ecosystem protection are well recognized and have area-based protection goals in global conventions, freshwater ecosystem characteristics have remained poorly represented in these goals. Freshwater ecosystems are commonly secondary or unaddressed components of area-based terrestrial protection. The design and management for terrestrial-based protection are generally inadequate for addressing freshwater ecosystem processes and attributes critical for maintaining their natural patterns and the values they provide to people and nature. Given that freshwater-dependent species are declining at a faster rate than marine and terrestrial species, and the reliance and use of freshwater ecosystems by people living around such areas, approaches to protect them must balance the needs of people and nature and accommodate these complexities.
Keywords: protection; freshwater; biodiversity; ecosystem services; communities protection; freshwater; biodiversity; ecosystem services; communities

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MDPI and ACS Style

Higgins, J.; Zablocki, J.; Newsock, A.; Krolopp, A.; Tabas, P.; Salama, M. Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041950

AMA Style

Higgins J, Zablocki J, Newsock A, Krolopp A, Tabas P, Salama M. Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain. Sustainability. 2021; 13(4):1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041950

Chicago/Turabian Style

Higgins, Jonathan, John Zablocki, Amy Newsock, Andras Krolopp, Phillip Tabas, and Michael Salama. 2021. "Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain" Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041950

APA Style

Higgins, J., Zablocki, J., Newsock, A., Krolopp, A., Tabas, P., & Salama, M. (2021). Durable Freshwater Protection: A Framework for Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Protection for Freshwater Ecosystems and the Values They Sustain. Sustainability, 13(4), 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041950

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