Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Methods
3.1. Pre-Modeling Session Preparations
3.2. Group Modeling
- What is the objective for integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation management?
- What modes of cooperation are available to meet this objective?
- To what extent is it possible for local actors to participate in these modes of cooperation?
- Is there an arena for local cooperation?
3.3. Follow-up Interviews for Validation and Model Revision
3.4. Management Plan Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Analysis of Final CLD—The Nature Conservation Discourse System
4.2. Validation: Objectives vs. Outcomes
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- Generally speaking, there are two main discourses on how to understand the mountain environment. One, clearly evidence-based, argues that the mountain region has been affected for centuries by human land-use, albeit with limited modernistic impacts. The other, with a more ideological character, claims that the mountains constitute a “wilderness” untouched by human activities, which should be left unmanaged, i.e., without human interference or use.
- The dominant “wilderness” discourse is both marginalizing the “cultural landscape” discourse and defining management objectives for the vast majority of the protected areas, i.e., Nature reserves and National Parks.
- With “wilderness” as the dominant objective, there is little or no legitimacy and scope for local knowledge, participation or co-management of nature and cultural heritage values in the protected mountain areas.
- The dominant discourse and attendant objectives are a clear hindrance to a more integrated nature and cultural heritage conservation, as it excludes, in practice, the latter and provides no shared arena for cooperation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stakeholder | Participant |
---|---|
Ájtte—Swedish mountain and Sámi museum | Head of museum |
Association of Swedish Mountain Farmers and Hamlet users | Representative |
County administrative board—Dalarna | Unit for Nature Protection |
County administrative board—Västerbotten | Unit for Cultural heritage |
County administrative board Jämtland | Head of unit for Nature Protection |
County administrative board Norrbotten | Curator |
Gaaltije—Centre for Southern Sámi culture | Head of operations |
Laponia World Heritage Site | Representative |
Malung-Sälen Municipality | Head of Spatial Planning |
Nätverket Norden—Association for settlers in the mountain region | Representative |
Särna-Idre och Transtrands sockenförening—Mountain farming association | Representative |
Storuman municipality | Representative |
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency | Representative |
Swedish National Heritage Board | Curator |
Swedish National Heritage Board | Representative |
Swedish National Property Board | Cultural environments specialist |
Swedish Reindeer Herding Associations (SSR) | Chairman |
Swedish Society for Nature Conservation—Västerbotten | Representative |
Management Plans Mentioning Reindeer Husbandry | Nature Reserves with Areas Included in Hayfield and Meadow Survey | Management Plans Mentioning Protecting, or Recreating the Cultural Environments as an Objective | Management Plans Mentioning that Active Grazing Should be Part of the Management |
---|---|---|---|
30 | 25 | 7 | 8 |
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Österlin, C.; Schlyter, P.; Stjernquist, I. Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3533. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093533
Österlin C, Schlyter P, Stjernquist I. Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden. Sustainability. 2020; 12(9):3533. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093533
Chicago/Turabian StyleÖsterlin, Carl, Peter Schlyter, and Ingrid Stjernquist. 2020. "Different Worldviews as Impediments to Integrated Nature and Cultural Heritage Conservation Management: Experiences from Protected Areas in Northern Sweden" Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3533. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093533