Next Article in Journal
Work Flexibility, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance among Romanian Employees—Implications for Sustainable Human Resource Management
Next Article in Special Issue
New Integrated Approaches to Climate Emergency Landscape Strategies: The Case of Pan-European SATURN Project
Previous Article in Journal
Stakeholder Protection, Public Trust, and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Listed SMEs in China
Previous Article in Special Issue
Evaluation of Electrochemical Methods for Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Sustainability
Volume 12
Issue 15
10.3390/su12156081
sustainability-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share announcement question_answer thumb_up
...
textsms
...
Article

Potential for Production of Biochar-Based Fertilizers from Olive Mill Waste in Mediterranean Basin Countries: An Initial Assessment for Spain, Tunisia, and Greece

by
Evan A.N. Marks
1,*,
Vasiliki Kinigopoulou
2,
Hanene Akrout
3,
Ahmed Amine Azzaz
4,5,
Charalampos Doulgeris
2,
Salah Jellali
6,
Carlos Rad
7,
Paula Sánchez Zulueta
7,
Evangelos Tziritis
2,
Leila El-Bassi
3,
Camélia Matei Ghimbeu
4,5 and
Mejdi Jeguirim
4,5
1
BETA Technological Center, University of Vic–University of Central Catalonia, Carrer de la Laura 13, 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
2
Soil & Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation “DEMETER”, 57400 Sindos, Central Macedonia, Greece
3
Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria PB 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
4
Mulhouse Institute of Materials Sciences, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
5
Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
6
PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
7
Composting Research Group UBUCOMP, Universidad de Burgos, Faculty of Sciences, Pl. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(15), 6081; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156081
Received: 10 June 2020 / Revised: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 / Published: 29 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Strategies Development in the Framework of Circular Economy)
View Full-Text Download PDF

Abstract

Olive mill wastes continue to be a management challenge due to the large volumes produced, particularly due to their toxicity and impacts on the environment. Thermal conversion through pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization techniques can detoxify wastes while conserving nutrient contents. In this work, we produced up-to-date data on olive mill waste flows in Spain, Tunisia, and Greece and characterized representative samples in the laboratory. Assays of thermal conversion of olive mill wastewaters and solid wastes were also performed to understand biochar yields and final properties, and the total quantities of nutrients contained were estimated. Of particular note were the quantities of potassium in Tunisian wastewaters, representing 0.6% of the total mass and an annual flow of approximately 5000 t, and in the Spanish solid wastes, an average of 1.7% of the total mass is potassium, representing an annual flow of approximately 23,000 t. Concerning phosphorus, Spanish solid wastes had the highest contents (0.1%), double that of other countries’ wastes. Annually, olive mill wastes from the three countries are estimated to contain approximately 35 × 103 tons of potassium and 2.6 × 103 tons of phosphorus. With this resource converted to biochar, each year more than 700 km2 of soils could be enriched in 0.2% carbon with biochar at an application rate of 7 t ha−1. View Full-Text
Keywords: olive mill solid waste; olive mill wastewater; Mediterranean Basin; biochar; hydrochar; nutrients; carbon olive mill solid waste; olive mill wastewater; Mediterranean Basin; biochar; hydrochar; nutrients; carbon
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
SciFeed

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Marks, E.A.N.; Kinigopoulou, V.; Akrout, H.; Azzaz, A.A.; Doulgeris, C.; Jellali, S.; Rad, C.; Sánchez Zulueta, P.; Tziritis, E.; El-Bassi, L.; Matei Ghimbeu, C.; Jeguirim, M. Potential for Production of Biochar-Based Fertilizers from Olive Mill Waste in Mediterranean Basin Countries: An Initial Assessment for Spain, Tunisia, and Greece. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6081. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156081

AMA Style

Marks EAN, Kinigopoulou V, Akrout H, Azzaz AA, Doulgeris C, Jellali S, Rad C, Sánchez Zulueta P, Tziritis E, El-Bassi L, Matei Ghimbeu C, Jeguirim M. Potential for Production of Biochar-Based Fertilizers from Olive Mill Waste in Mediterranean Basin Countries: An Initial Assessment for Spain, Tunisia, and Greece. Sustainability. 2020; 12(15):6081. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marks, Evan A.N., Vasiliki Kinigopoulou, Hanene Akrout, Ahmed Amine Azzaz, Charalampos Doulgeris, Salah Jellali, Carlos Rad, Paula Sánchez Zulueta, Evangelos Tziritis, Leila El-Bassi, Camélia Matei Ghimbeu, and Mejdi Jeguirim. 2020. "Potential for Production of Biochar-Based Fertilizers from Olive Mill Waste in Mediterranean Basin Countries: An Initial Assessment for Spain, Tunisia, and Greece" Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6081. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156081

Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

1
Back to TopTop