Study on Structural Characteristics of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Network Motifs Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Motif Analysis
2.2.2. Network Analysis
3. Characteristics of Motifs of China’s Passenger Airline Network
3.1. Motifs of China’s Passenger Airline Network
3.2. Motifs of Networks of the Airline Companies
4. Classification of China’s Air Passenger Transport Companies Based on Motif Concentration Curve
5. Optimization Mechanism of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Motif Analysis
6. Conclusions and Discussions
6.1. Conclusions
6.2. Discussions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | Subgraph Shape | Frequency [Original] | rMean-Freq [Random] | Value Z | Value P | Subgraph Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3a | 17.260% | 12.314% | 10.079 | 0 | Motif | |
3b | 82.740% | 87.686% | −10.079 | 1 | Anti-motif | |
4a | 27.949% | 18.533% | 7.953 | 0.001 | Motif | |
4b | 8.358% | 7.220% | 6.100 | 0 | Motif | |
4c | 48.139% | 52.695% | −6.326 | 0.996 | Anti-motif | |
4d | 2.650% | 1.356% | 11.474 | 0 | Motif | |
4e | 0.690% | 3.527% | −6.710 | 0.998 | Anti-motif | |
4f | 12.214% | 16.670% | −13.021 | 1 | Anti-motif |
ID | Airline Company | Edges | Nodes | Foundation | Average Degree | Zipf | Hubs | Motifs or Anti-Motifs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3a | 3b | 4a | 4b | 4c | 4d | 4e | 4f | ||||||||
1 | Air China (CA) | 770 | 139 | 1988 | 11.159 | 1.259 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
2 | Beijing Capital Airlines (JD) | 176 | 59 | 2010 | 5.966 | 1.019 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
3 | Chengdu Airlines (EU) | 72 | 42 | 2010 | 3.429 | 0.637 | 1 | √ | √ | ||||||
4 | China Eastern Airlines (MU) | 951 | 178 | 1988 | 10.807 | 1.198 | 4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
5 | China Express Airlines (G5) | 331 | 99 | 2006 | 6.755 | 0.999 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
6 | China Southern Airlines (CZ) | 930 | 155 | 1995 | 12.078 | 1.245 | 4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
7 | China United Airlines (KN) | 64 | 54 | 1984 | 2.415 | 0.686 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
8 | Chongqing Airlines (OQ) | 27 | 24 | 2007 | 2.250 | 0.69 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
9 | Colorful Guizhou Airlines (CY) | 7 | 6 | 2015 | 2.333 | 0.677 | 0 | √ | √ | ||||||
10 | Donghai Airlines (DZ) | 28 | 19 | 2002 | 2.947 | 0.848 | 1 | √ | √ | ||||||
11 | Fuzhou Airlines (FU) | 26 | 22 | 2014 | 2.364 | 0.782 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
12 | Grand China Airlines (CN) | 17 | 20 | 2007 | 1.700 | 0.666 | 0 | √ | √ | ||||||
13 | Guangxi Beibu Gulf Airlines (GX) | 52 | 32 | 2015 | 3.355 | 0.709 | 1 | √ | √ | ||||||
14 | Hainan Airlines (HU) | 371 | 91 | 1993 | 8.244 | 1.169 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
15 | Hebei Airlines (NS) | 253 | 58 | 2010 | 8.877 | 0.942 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
16 | Hongtu Airlines (A6) | 8 | 7 | 2014 | 2.286 | 0.769 | 0 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
17 | Jiangxi Airlines (RY) | 10 | 9 | 2014 | 2.222 | 0.866 | 0 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
18 | Joy Air (JR) | 107 | 58 | 2008 | 3.754 | 0.855 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
19 | Juneyao Airlines (HO) | 120 | 57 | 2005 | 4.286 | 0.89 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
20 | Kunming Airlines (KY) | 270 | 65 | 2009 | 8.438 | 0.995 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
21 | Lucky Air (8L) | 83 | 48 | 2004 | 3.532 | 0.72 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
22 | 9Air (AQ) | 6 | 6 | 2014 | 2.000 | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
23 | Okay Airways (BK) | 73 | 48 | 2005 | 3.042 | 0.802 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
24 | Qingdao Airlines (QW) | 25 | 18 | 2013 | 2.778 | 0.671 | 1 | √ | √ | ||||||
25 | Ruili Airlines (DR) | 26 | 20 | 2014 | 2.600 | 0.675 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
26 | Shandong Airlines (SC) | 565 | 131 | 1999 | 8.692 | 1.2 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
27 | Shanghai Airlines (FM) | 110 | 67 | 1985 | 3.333 | 0.709 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
28 | Shenzhen Airlines (ZH) | 533 | 116 | 1992 | 9.434 | 1.276 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
29 | Sichuan Airlines (3U) | 313 | 98 | 1986 | 6.454 | 1.001 | 2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
30 | Spring Airlines (9C) | 32 | 23 | 2004 | 2.909 | 0.574 | 1 | √ | √ | ||||||
31 | Tianjin Airlines (GS) | 225 | 91 | 2009 | 5.000 | 0.943 | 3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
32 | Tibet Airlines (TV) | 80 | 48 | 2010 | 3.404 | 0.964 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
33 | Urumqi Air (UQ) | 17 | 14 | 2014 | 2.429 | 0.893 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
34 | Western Airlines (PN) | 66 | 40 | 2006 | 3.300 | 0.836 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
35 | Xiamen Airlines (MF) | 754 | 120 | 1984 | 12.672 | 1.277 | 1 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
36 | Yangtze River Airline (Y8) | 4 | 5 | 2002 | 1.600 | 0.765 | 0 | √ | √ | √ | |||||
37 | Zhejiang Loong Airlines (GJ) | 58 | 39 | 2011 | 2.974 | 0.743 | 1 | √ | √ | √ |
Motif | Structural Characteristics | Combination and Upgrade Relations | Number of Airlines | Definition of the Motifs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Triangular, ring | Minimum building block | 26/36 | Common motif; Advantageous motif | |
Star, chain | Minimum building block | 10/36 | Characteristic motif of immature network; disadvantageous motif | |
Mesh | Combination of 3a and 3b | 31/36 | Common motif; Advantageous motif | |
Mesh | Combination of 3a Upgrade of 4a | 12/36 | Characteristic motif of mature network; advantageous motif | |
Star | Combination of 3b | 13/36 | Characteristic motif of small network scale; disadvantageous motif | |
Fully connected | Combination of 3a Upgrade of 4a and 4b | 15/36 | Characteristic motif of mature network; advantageous motif | |
Quadrangle, Ring | Combination of 3b | 3/36 | Highly specific motif; disadvantageous motif | |
Chain | Combination of 3b | 2/36 | Highly specific motif; disadvantageous motif |
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Jin, Y.; Wei, Y.; Xiu, C.; Song, W.; Yang, K. Study on Structural Characteristics of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Network Motifs Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092484
Jin Y, Wei Y, Xiu C, Song W, Yang K. Study on Structural Characteristics of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Network Motifs Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11(9):2484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092484
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Ying, Ye Wei, Chunliang Xiu, Wei Song, and Kaixian Yang. 2019. "Study on Structural Characteristics of China’s Passenger Airline Network Based on Network Motifs Analysis" Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2484. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092484