Consumption-Based Accounting and the Trade-Carbon Emissions Nexus in Asia: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor Panel Analysis
Energy Studies Institute, National University Singapore, Singapore 119620, Singapore
Sustainability 2018, 10(10), 3627; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103627
Received: 20 July 2018 / Revised: 24 August 2018 / Accepted: 3 October 2018 / Published: 11 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change and Sustainable Development Policy)
This paper considers a recently developed consumption-based carbon emissions database from which emissions calculations are made based on the domestic use of fossil fuels plus the embodied emissions from imports minus exports, to test directly for the importance of trade in national emissions. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) alone is responsible for over half the global outflows of carbon via trade. The econometric estimations—which focused on a panel of 20 Asian countries—determined that: (i) trade flows were significant for consumption-based emissions but not for territory-based emissions; and (ii) exports and imports offset each other in that exports lower consumption-based emissions, whereas imports increase them. Hence, all countries should have both an interest and a responsibility to help lower the carbon intensity of energy in countries that are particularly important for global carbon transfers—the PRC and India.
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Keywords:
consumption-based emissions; international trade; trade and environment; common factor panel models; net global carbon flows; Asia
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MDPI and ACS Style
Liddle, B. Consumption-Based Accounting and the Trade-Carbon Emissions Nexus in Asia: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor Panel Analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103627
AMA Style
Liddle B. Consumption-Based Accounting and the Trade-Carbon Emissions Nexus in Asia: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor Panel Analysis. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103627
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiddle, Brantley. 2018. "Consumption-Based Accounting and the Trade-Carbon Emissions Nexus in Asia: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor Panel Analysis" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103627
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