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Volume 16
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Article

Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5

by
Bruna Paredes-Galarza
1,
Martha T. Oliveira
1,
Francine B. Timm
1,
Nicole V. Stone
1,
Lina Violet-Lozano
1,
Richard S. Salvato
2,
Nícolas D. Müller
1,
Bruno A. Prandi
1,
Raíssa Gasparetto
1,
Michelen Gonçalves
3,
María A. S. Teixeira
4,
Márcio A. O. Moura
5,
Gabriela Riet-Correa
5,
Valíria D. Cerqueira
5,
Pedro S. Bezerra, Jr.
5,
Fabrício S. Campos
1,*,
Ana C. Franco
1 and
Paulo M. Roehe
1,*
1
Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
2
Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde (CEVS) da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SESRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90450-190, RS, Brazil
3
Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul CEP 92990-000, RS, Brazil
4
Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Pará (ADEPARÁ), Belém CEP 66080-008, PA, Brazil
5
Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal CEP 68740-970, PA, Brazil
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071024
Submission received: 15 May 2024 / Revised: 6 June 2024 / Accepted: 24 June 2024 / Published: 26 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesvirus)
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Abstract

Herpesviruses are significant pathogens of ruminants. In water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), however, herpesviruses have not been thoroughly studied. Although bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuAHV1) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1) have already been recovered from water buffaloes, to date, no reports on the occurrence of bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoAHV5) in these animals have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search for BuAHV1, BoAHV1, and BoAHV5 in palatine tonsils of apparently healthy water buffaloes from the Pará state, Northern Brazil. Tissue samples of tonsils (n = 293) were screened by a nested PCR (nPCR) targeting a region of UL44 (gC coding gene), followed by sequencing, to detect and differentiate between the viral types. Viral genome segments were detected in 18 out of 293 (6.1%) of the palatine tonsil samples. Two animals carried genomes of BoAHV1 only, eleven animals carried BoAHV5 genomes only, and four animals carried BuAHV1 only. Another animal had both BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 genomes in its tonsils. No infectious virus could be recovered from any of the samples. The BuAHV1 sequences identified here were more closely related to BuAHV1 genomes identified in India. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a closer relationship between the recovered BoAHV5 and BuAHV1 genomes. Therefore, evidence is provided here to confirm that not only BoAHV1 and BuAHV1, but also BoAHV5, can infect water buffaloes. This report highlights (i) the first detection of BoAHV5 in water buffaloes and (ii) the occurrence of coinfections with BoAHV1 and BoAHV5 in that species. Such findings and the similarity of BoAHV5 to Indian herpesvirus genomes suggest that the origin of type 5 may be linked to recombinations between bovine and bubaline herpesviruses within bubalines, since the scenario for generation of recombinants in buffaloes is potentially present.
Keywords: water buffaloes; bovine herpesvirus; cattle water buffaloes; bovine herpesvirus; cattle

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paredes-Galarza, B.; Oliveira, M.T.; Timm, F.B.; Stone, N.V.; Violet-Lozano, L.; Salvato, R.S.; Müller, N.D.; Prandi, B.A.; Gasparetto, R.; Gonçalves, M.; et al. Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5. Viruses 2024, 16, 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071024

AMA Style

Paredes-Galarza B, Oliveira MT, Timm FB, Stone NV, Violet-Lozano L, Salvato RS, Müller ND, Prandi BA, Gasparetto R, Gonçalves M, et al. Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5. Viruses. 2024; 16(7):1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071024

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paredes-Galarza, Bruna, Martha T. Oliveira, Francine B. Timm, Nicole V. Stone, Lina Violet-Lozano, Richard S. Salvato, Nícolas D. Müller, Bruno A. Prandi, Raíssa Gasparetto, Michelen Gonçalves, and et al. 2024. "Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5" Viruses 16, no. 7: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071024

APA Style

Paredes-Galarza, B., Oliveira, M. T., Timm, F. B., Stone, N. V., Violet-Lozano, L., Salvato, R. S., Müller, N. D., Prandi, B. A., Gasparetto, R., Gonçalves, M., Teixeira, M. A. S., Moura, M. A. O., Riet-Correa, G., Cerqueira, V. D., Bezerra, P. S., Jr., Campos, F. S., Franco, A. C., & Roehe, P. M. (2024). Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1, Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Palatine Tonsils from Water Buffaloes in Northern Brazil and Possible Links with the Origin of Bovine Alphaherpesvirus Type 5. Viruses, 16(7), 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071024

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