Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018–2020
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population, HEV RNA Detection and Characterization
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Archived Samples and Follow-Up Donations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number donations screened | 541,349 | males: 308,569 females: 232,780 |
Number HEV RNA confirmed positive | 125 | males: 88 (70%) females: 37 (30%) |
HEV prevalence (95% CI) | 1:4331 donations (95% CI, 1:3635–1:5203) | males: 1:3506 (95% CI, 1:2846–1:4372) females: 1:6261 (95% CI, 1:4565–1:8935) |
HEV median viral load | 554 IU/mL | males: 734 IU/mL females: 266 IU/mL |
HEV viral load range IU/mL | 2.01–2,500,000 IU/mL | males: 4.15–2,500,000 IU/mL females: 2.01–85,802 IU/mL |
Median age (y) | 46.3 y | males: 47.5 y females: 38.4 y |
HEV Viral Load IU/mL | Number Donations | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
1–10 | 7 | |
11–100 | 18 | 57% |
101–1000 | 46 | |
1001–10,000 | 35 | |
10,001–100,000 | 10 | 43% |
100,001–1,000,000 | 6 | |
1,000,001–10,000,000 | 3 | |
Total | 125 |
HEV Sub-Genotypes | Number (%) |
---|---|
HEV 3h3 (formerly 3h-s) | 42 (40) |
HEV 3c | 40 (38) |
HEV 3f1 (formerly 3f) | 10 (9) |
HEV 3ra | 5 (5) |
HEV 3e | 2 (2) |
HEV 3a | 1 (1) |
various HEV 3 (3/3l (formerly 3o(p)/3t(p) (formerly 3 unclassified)) | 6 (6) |
Total | 106 |
A. Serology (X) Index (X) donations | |
Number X index donations | 125 |
HEV IgG- and IgM-negative (%) | 85 (68%) |
HEV IgG- and IgM-positive (%) | 25 (20%) |
HEV IgG only (%) 1 | 10 (8%) |
HEV IgM only (%) | 5 (4%) |
B. Characteristics X − 1 archive donations | |
Number X − 1 donations | 87 (70%) |
Number HEV RNA-positive | 2 (2.3%) |
Median time between X − 1 and X | 147 days |
HEV IgG- and IgM-negative (%) | 85 (98%) |
HEV IgG- and IgM-positive (%) | None |
HEV IgG only (%) | 2 (2.3%) |
HEV IgM only (%) | None |
C. Characteristics X + 1 follow-up donations | |
Number X + 1 donations | 90 (72%) |
Number HEV RNA positive | None |
Median time between X and X + 1 | 35 weeks (range 2.9–101.9 weeks) |
HEV IgG- and IgM-negative (%) | 1 (1.1%) |
HEV IgG- and IgM-positive (%) | 22 (24%) |
HEV IgG only (%) | 66 (73%) |
HEV IgM only (%) 2 | 1 (1.1%) |
Summary X + 1 follow-up donations | |
HEV IgM-positive (%) | 23 (26%) |
HEV IgG-positive (%) | 88 (98%) |
HEV IgG- and/or IgM-positive (%) | 89 (99%) |
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Niederhauser, C.; Gowland, P.; Widmer, N.; Amar EL Dusouqui, S.; Mattle-Greminger, M.; Gottschalk, J.; Frey, B.M. Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018–2020. Viruses 2024, 16, 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050744
Niederhauser C, Gowland P, Widmer N, Amar EL Dusouqui S, Mattle-Greminger M, Gottschalk J, Frey BM. Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018–2020. Viruses. 2024; 16(5):744. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050744
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiederhauser, Christoph, Peter Gowland, Nadja Widmer, Soraya Amar EL Dusouqui, Maja Mattle-Greminger, Jochen Gottschalk, and Beat M. Frey. 2024. "Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018–2020" Viruses 16, no. 5: 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050744
APA StyleNiederhauser, C., Gowland, P., Widmer, N., Amar EL Dusouqui, S., Mattle-Greminger, M., Gottschalk, J., & Frey, B. M. (2024). Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018–2020. Viruses, 16(5), 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050744