From a Movement-Deficient Grapevine Fanleaf Virus to the Identification of a New Viral Determinant of Nematode Transmission
by
Lorène Belval 1,†, Aurélie Marmonier 1, Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger 1,2, Sophie Gersch 1, Peggy Andret-Link 1, Véronique Komar 1, Emmanuelle Vigne 1
, Olivier Lemaire 1, Christophe Ritzenthaler 2,* and Gérard Demangeat 1,*
Lorène Belval 1,†, Aurélie Marmonier 1, Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger 1,2, Sophie Gersch 1, Peggy Andret-Link 1, Véronique Komar 1, Emmanuelle Vigne 1, Olivier Lemaire 1, Christophe Ritzenthaler 2,* and Gérard Demangeat 1,*
1
Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, 68000 Colmar, France
2
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMP UPR 2357, 67000 Strasbourg, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Université de Haute-Alsace, LVBE EA 3991, 68000 Colmar, France.
Viruses 2019, 11(12), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11121146
Received: 30 October 2019 / Revised: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 6 December 2019 / Published: 11 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Virus Transmission by Vectors)
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) are nepoviruses responsible for grapevine degeneration. They are specifically transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by two distinct ectoparasitic dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema. GFLV and ArMV move from cell to cell as virions through tubules formed into plasmodesmata by the self-assembly of the viral movement protein. Five surface-exposed regions in the coat protein called R1 to R5, which differ between the two viruses, were previously defined and exchanged to test their involvement in virus transmission, leading to the identification of region R2 as a transmission determinant. Region R4 (amino acids 258 to 264) could not be tested in transmission due to its requirement for plant systemic infection. Here, we present a fine-tuning mutagenesis of the GFLV coat protein in and around region R4 that restored the virus movement and allowed its evaluation in transmission. We show that residues T258, M260, D261, and R301 play a crucial role in virus transmission, thus representing a new viral determinant of nematode transmission.
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Keywords:
transmission; Nepovirus; grapevine; nematode; Xiphinema; capsid; 3D structure; movement; tubule; viral determinant
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MDPI and ACS Style
Belval, L.; Marmonier, A.; Schmitt-Keichinger, C.; Gersch, S.; Andret-Link, P.; Komar, V.; Vigne, E.; Lemaire, O.; Ritzenthaler, C.; Demangeat, G. From a Movement-Deficient Grapevine Fanleaf Virus to the Identification of a New Viral Determinant of Nematode Transmission. Viruses 2019, 11, 1146.
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