Safe Etching Route of Nb2SnC for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nb2CTx MXene: An Electrode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Nb2SnC and Nb2CTx MXenes
2.3. Structural and Morphological Characterizations
2.4. Preparation of Electrodes for Electrochemical Characterizations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural and Morphological Analysis
3.2. Electrochemcial Analysis
3.3. Analysis of the Supercapacitive Behavior of the 2D Nb2CTx Nanomaterial
4. Conclusions
- A novel synthesis method was developed for preparing Nb2SnC non-MAX phase powder at a lower temperature of 1000 °C, and two-dimensional nanostructures of Nb2CTx MXenes were synthesized by selective etching of Sn-layered Nb2SnC using mild phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
- The hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2SnC and the cubic structure of Nb2CTx were confirmed by analyzing the XRD patterns of the samples.
- During the formation of Nb2CTx MXenes, the selective etching of Sn layers from Nb2SnC was evident in compositional analysis using EDX and XPS.
- Two-dimensional layered nanostructures of Nb2CTx MXenes were observed in SEM images.
- The specific capacitance of the synthesized materials was evaluated using CV and GCD techniques. The CV plot of Nb2CTx showed a specific capacitance of 260.38 Fg−1, while the GCD curve exhibited a specific capacitance of 502.97 Fg−1 for Nb2CTx.
- This study provides an eco-friendly and less hazardous method for synthesizing Nb2SnC and Nb2CTx. Nb2CTx has superior electrochemical performance, making it a potential candidate for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The presented synthesis and characterization techniques could be useful for developing other MXenes and two-dimensional materials for energy storage applications.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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MXene | Specific Capacitance | Etching Method | Scan Rate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti3C2Tx | 246 Fg−1 | HCl + LiF 45 h | 2 mVs−1 | [31] |
V4C3Tx | 209 Fg−1 | 50% HF 96 h | 2 mVs−1 | [65] |
Nb2CTx/CNT | 200 Fg−1 | HCl + LiF 48 h | 5 mVs−1 | [42] |
Nb2CTx | 178 Fg−1 | HCl + LiF 48 h | 5 mVs−1 | [42] |
Nb2CTx | 128 Fg−1 | HF 48 h | 2 mVs−1 | [66] |
Ti3C2/BCN | 245 Fg−1 | Etching/prolysis | 2 mVs−1 | [67] |
Ti3C2Tx film | 345 Fg−1 | In situ etching | 2 mVs−1 | [68] |
V2C | 164 Fg−1 | HF-free etching | 5 mVs−1 | [69] |
Ti3C2Tx/PPy | 415 Fg−1 | HCL + LiF 24 h | 5 mVs−1 | [70] |
Nb2CTx | 502.97 Fg−1 | H3PO4 24 h | 10 mVs−1 | This work |
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Singh, K.K.; Pushpan, S.; Loredo, S.L.; Cerdán-Pasarán, A.; Hernández-Magallanes, J.A.; Sanal, K.C. Safe Etching Route of Nb2SnC for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nb2CTx MXene: An Electrode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance. Materials 2023, 16, 3488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093488
Singh KK, Pushpan S, Loredo SL, Cerdán-Pasarán A, Hernández-Magallanes JA, Sanal KC. Safe Etching Route of Nb2SnC for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nb2CTx MXene: An Electrode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093488
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Karan Kishor, Soorya Pushpan, Shadai Lugo Loredo, Andrea Cerdán-Pasarán, J. A. Hernández-Magallanes, and K. C. Sanal. 2023. "Safe Etching Route of Nb2SnC for the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Nb2CTx MXene: An Electrode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance" Materials 16, no. 9: 3488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093488