Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Stainless Steel Powder
2.2. SLM Preparation Process and Heat Treatment Process
2.3. Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure Characteristics
3.2. Phase Fraction
3.3. Mechanical Performances
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The addition of yttrium made the grains of PH13-8Mo stainless steel parts refined, and the average grain size from 2.02 ± 0.03 μm decreases to 0.97 ± 0.02 μm. PH13-8Mo stainless steel formed parts were mainly composed of martensite and retained austenite. After adding yttrium, the content of austenite in the phase composition increased, and yttrium-containing precipitates formed.
- (2)
- The strength and toughness of the PH13-8Mo stainless steel parts were synergistically improved by adding yttrium. The tensile strength was increased from 1282 MPa to 1443 MPa, and the impact energy was increased from 86.75 J/cm2 to 124.25 J/cm2.
- (3)
- The strengthening and toughening mechanism of yttrium on PH13-8Mo stainless steel parts was mainly attributed to grain refinement, phase structure transformation and precipitated phase strengthening. The nano-sized precipitates containing yttrium showed good adhesion with the matrix and played a role in preventing dislocation movement in the process of plastic deformation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Al | N | O | Y | Fe | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Powder-0 | 0.039 | 0.019 | 12.59 | 8.28 | 2.24 | 0.99 | 0.0015 | 0.021 | 0 | Bal |
Powder-Y | 0.039 | 0.017 | 12.56 | 8.23 | 2.23 | 0.94 | 0.0019 | 0.032 | 0.035 | Bal |
Laser Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Laser spot diameter | 100 μm |
Wavelength | 1.06 μm |
Hatch distance | 0.08 mm |
Layer thickness | 0.03 mm |
Laser power | 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260 W |
Scanning speed | 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 mm/s |
YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | TE (%) | IE (J/cm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without-Y | 1264 | 1282 | 10.2 | 86.75 |
With-Y | 1399 | 1443 | 12.2 | 124.25 |
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Wang, C.-J.; Liu, C.; Zhang, M.-X.; Jiang, L.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Z.-B.; Liang, J.-X. Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting. Materials 2022, 15, 5441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155441
Wang C-J, Liu C, Zhang M-X, Jiang L, Liu Y, Liu Z-B, Liang J-X. Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155441
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Chang-Jun, Chang Liu, Meng-Xing Zhang, Lu Jiang, Yu Liu, Zhen-Bao Liu, and Jian-Xiong Liang. 2022. "Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting" Materials 15, no. 15: 5441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155441