Effect of the Preparation Method (Sol-Gel or Hydrothermal) and Conditions on the TiO2 Properties and Activity for Propene Oxidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of TiO2 Materials
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Propene
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of TiO2 Samples
3.1.1. XRD Analysis
- -
- Anatase: 25.3° (101), 37.8° (004), 48.0° (200), 54.5° (105), 55.0° (211), 62.7° (204), 70.4° (116) and 74.5° (220).
- -
- Brookite: 25.3° (120), 25.7° (111) and 30.8° (121).
- -
- Rutile: 27.5° (110), 36.1° (101) and 54.4° (211).
3.1.2. Textural Properties
3.1.3. Determination of the Band Gap Energy
3.2. Photocatalytic Activity
3.3. Effect of Avoiding Post-Synthesis Heat Treatment
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SBET (m2/g) | VDR N2 (cm3/g) | Vmeso (cm3/g) | VT (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2-0M-SG | 34 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
TiO2-0.8M-SG | 108 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
TiO2-1M-SG | 89 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
TiO2-5M-SG | 118 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
TiO2-12M-SG | 98 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.17 |
TiO2-0M-HT | 127 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.45 |
TiO2-0.8M-HT | 134 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.36 |
TiO2-1M-HT | 116 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.33 |
TiO2-5M-HT | 100 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.26 |
TiO2-12M-HT | 110 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.32 |
P25 | 55 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.18 |
Sample | Eg (eV) |
---|---|
TiO2-0M-SG | 3.03 |
TiO2-0.8M SG | 2.92 |
TiO2-1M SG | 2.80 |
TiO2-5M SG | 2.95 |
TiO2-12M SG | 3.13 |
TiO2-0M-HT | 3.14 |
TiO2-0.8M HT | 2.95 |
TiO2-1M HT | 2.95 |
TiO2-5M HT | 2.85 |
TiO2-12M HT | 3.15 |
P25 | 2.95 |
Sample | SBET (m2/g) | Crystalline TiO2 (wt.%) | Average Anatase Crystallite Size (nm) | Propene Conversion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2-0M-SG-WT | 450 | - | - | 6.0 |
TiO2-0M-SG-350 | 34 | A (67) | 9.0 | 24.0 |
TiO2-0M-HT-WT | 131 | A (75) | 9.0 | 70.0 |
TiO2-0M-HT-350 | 127 | A (78) | 10 | 60.0 |
TiO2-0.8M-HT-WT | 147 | A (53)-B (16)-R (1) | 7.0 | 78.0 |
TiO2-0.8M-HT-350 | 134 | A (60)-B (16)-R (1) | 8.0 | 76.0 |
TiO2-12M-SG-WT | 160 | A (51) | 5.0 | 68.0 |
TiO2-12M-SG-350 | 98 | A (76) | 10.0 | 44.0 |
P25 | 55 | A (73) | 22 | 61.5 |
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Cano-Casanova, L.; Amorós-Pérez, A.; Lillo-Ródenas, M.Á.; Román-Martínez, M.d.C. Effect of the Preparation Method (Sol-Gel or Hydrothermal) and Conditions on the TiO2 Properties and Activity for Propene Oxidation. Materials 2018, 11, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112227
Cano-Casanova L, Amorós-Pérez A, Lillo-Ródenas MÁ, Román-Martínez MdC. Effect of the Preparation Method (Sol-Gel or Hydrothermal) and Conditions on the TiO2 Properties and Activity for Propene Oxidation. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112227
Chicago/Turabian StyleCano-Casanova, Laura, Ana Amorós-Pérez, María Ángeles Lillo-Ródenas, and María del Carmen Román-Martínez. 2018. "Effect of the Preparation Method (Sol-Gel or Hydrothermal) and Conditions on the TiO2 Properties and Activity for Propene Oxidation" Materials 11, no. 11: 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112227