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Editorial

New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition

by
Natalia Radwan-Pragłowska
* and
Tomasz Węgiel
Department of Electrical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(11), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112639
Submission received: 21 May 2026 / Accepted: 26 May 2026 / Published: 29 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition)

Abstract

This paper presents an experimental comparison of the instantaneous power generation of standard and bifacial photovoltaic modules under real operating conditions. The study focuses on short-term effects caused by spatially variable albedo and tracker-induced changes in module orientation. Both modules were installed on the same mobile single-axis tracking platform and had identical rated front-side power, which ensured nearly identical operating conditions and independent MPPT operation. The experimental campaign included five ground surfaces: grass, river sand, grey paver, light aggregate, and dark aggregate. For each surface, electrical parameters and albedo were recorded over the full investigated geometrical range, covering relative solar azimuth from −60° to +60° and module tilt from 0° to 90°. The measured increase in power generation of the bifacial module relative to the standard module depended strongly on the ground surface. Over the full investigated range, the gain was 6.4% for grass, 11.3% for river sand, 5.9% for grey paver, 13.6% for light aggregate, and 4.5% for dark aggregate. These results confirm that, in bifacial photovoltaic systems with tracking, the ground surface and its reflective properties significantly affect the rear-side contribution and instantaneous power output. Consequently, albedo should not be treated as a constant or spatially homogeneous parameter when assessing short-term bifacial PV performance.
Keywords: bifacial photovoltaic module; albedo coefficient; tracker system bifacial photovoltaic module; albedo coefficient; tracker system

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Radwan-Pragłowska, N.; Węgiel, T. New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition. Energies 2026, 19, 2639. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112639

AMA Style

Radwan-Pragłowska N, Węgiel T. New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition. Energies. 2026; 19(11):2639. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112639

Chicago/Turabian Style

Radwan-Pragłowska, Natalia, and Tomasz Węgiel. 2026. "New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition" Energies 19, no. 11: 2639. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112639

APA Style

Radwan-Pragłowska, N., & Węgiel, T. (2026). New Solutions in Electric Machines and Motor Drives: 2nd Edition. Energies, 19(11), 2639. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112639

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