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Volume 14
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Article

Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction

by
Sunyong Park
1,
Hui-Rim Jeong
2,
Yun-A Shin
2,
Seok-Jun Kim
1,
Young-Min Ju
3,
Kwang-Cheol Oh
4,
La-Hoon Cho
1 and
DaeHyun Kim
1,2,*
1
Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 Dong 192-1, Chuncheon-si 200-010, Korea
2
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 Dong 192-1, Chuncheon-si 200-701, Korea
3
Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea
4
Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44413, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4667; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154667
Submission received: 22 June 2021 / Revised: 21 July 2021 / Accepted: 23 July 2021 / Published: 1 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Biomass)
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Abstract

Agricultural by-products have several disadvantages as fuel, such as low calorific values and high ash contents. To address these disadvantages, this study examined the mixing of agricultural by-products and spent coffee grounds, for use as a solid fuel, and the improvement of fuel characteristics through torrefaction. Pepper stems and spent coffee grounds were first dried to moisture contents of <15% and then combined, with mixing ratios varying from 9:1 to 6:4. Fuel pellets were produced from these mixtures using a commercial pelletiser, evaluated against various standards, and classified as grade A, B, or Bio-SRF. The optimal ratio of pepper stems to spent coffee grounds was determined to be 8:2. The pellets were torrefied to improve their fuel characteristics. Different torrefaction temperatures improved the mass yields of the pellets to between 50.87% and 88.27%. The calorific value increased from 19.9% to 26.8% at 290 °C. The optimal torrefaction temperature for coffee ground pellets was 230 °C, while for other pellets, it was 250 °C. This study provides basic information on the potential enhancement of agricultural by-products for fuel applications.
Keywords: torrefaction; agricultural by-products; mixing ratios; solid fuel; pellet evaluation torrefaction; agricultural by-products; mixing ratios; solid fuel; pellet evaluation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, S.; Jeong, H.-R.; Shin, Y.-A.; Kim, S.-J.; Ju, Y.-M.; Oh, K.-C.; Cho, L.-H.; Kim, D. Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction. Energies 2021, 14, 4667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154667

AMA Style

Park S, Jeong H-R, Shin Y-A, Kim S-J, Ju Y-M, Oh K-C, Cho L-H, Kim D. Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction. Energies. 2021; 14(15):4667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154667

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Sunyong, Hui-Rim Jeong, Yun-A Shin, Seok-Jun Kim, Young-Min Ju, Kwang-Cheol Oh, La-Hoon Cho, and DaeHyun Kim. 2021. "Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction" Energies 14, no. 15: 4667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154667

APA Style

Park, S., Jeong, H.-R., Shin, Y.-A., Kim, S.-J., Ju, Y.-M., Oh, K.-C., Cho, L.-H., & Kim, D. (2021). Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction. Energies, 14(15), 4667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154667

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