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Article

Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Research Unit of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 00128 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 7834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217834
Received: 28 August 2020 / Revised: 21 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020
Aim: To develop the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) scale and to test its psychometric characteristics in the general population. Methods: We tested SCOVID scale content validity with 19 experts. For factorial and construct validity, reliability, and measurement error, we administered the 20-item SCOVID scale to a sample of 461 Italians in May/June 2020 (mean age: 48.8, SD ± 15.8). Results: SCOVID scale item content validity ranged between 0.85–1.00, and the total scale content validity was 0.94. Confirmatory factor analysis supported SCOVID scale factorial validity (comparative fit index = 0.91; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with other instrument scores measuring self-efficacy, positivity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Reliability estimates were good with factor score determinacy, composite reliability, global reliability index, Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability ranging between 0.71–0.91. The standard error of measurement was adequate. Conclusions: The SCOVID scale is a new instrument measuring self-care in the COVID-19 pandemic with adequate validity and reliability. The SCOVID scale can be used in practice and research for assessing self-care in the COVID-19 pandemic to preventing COVID-19 infection and maintaining wellbeing in the general population. View Full-Text
Keywords: self-care; COVID-19; infectious diseases; psychometrics; validity; reliability self-care; COVID-19; infectious diseases; psychometrics; validity; reliability
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MDPI and ACS Style

De Maria, M.; Ferro, F.; Ausili, D.; Alvaro, R.; De Marinis, M.G.; Di Mauro, S.; Matarese, M.; Vellone, E. Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217834

AMA Style

De Maria M, Ferro F, Ausili D, Alvaro R, De Marinis MG, Di Mauro S, Matarese M, Vellone E. Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217834

Chicago/Turabian Style

De Maria, Maddalena, Federico Ferro, Davide Ausili, Rosaria Alvaro, Maria G. De Marinis, Stefania Di Mauro, Maria Matarese, and Ercole Vellone. 2020. "Development and Psychometric Testing of the Self-Care in COVID-19 (SCOVID) Scale, an Instrument for Measuring Self-Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217834

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