A New Citrinin Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Penicillium citrinum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sample Collection, Isolation, and Structure Elucidation
2.2. Bioactivity
3. Discussion
3.1. Bioactivity
3.2. Biosynthesis
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sponge Collection
4.2. Fungal Isolation and Purification
4.3. Molecular Identification of the Fungus
4.4. Isolation and Structure Elucidation
4.5. Antibacterial Susceptibility Tests
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Position | 13C | 1H | HMBC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 89.2 | (CH) | 4.43 qd (6.4, 3.6) | C-3, C-8, C-9 |
2 | 45.3 | (CH) | 2.99 qd (6.7, 3.6) | C-10, C-3, C-8 |
3 | 140.0 | (Cq) | ||
4 | 55.6 | (Cq) | ||
5 | 199.5 | (Cq) | ||
6 | 73.1 | (CH) | 3.63 s | C-4, C-5, C-7, C-8, C-3′, C-4′, C-5′, C-11′ |
7 | 184.7 | (Cq) | ||
8 | 150.3 | (Cq) | ||
9 | 20.6 | (CH3) | 1.24 d (6.4) | C-1, C-2 |
10 | 20.3 | (CH3) | 1.22 d (6.7) | C-1, C-2, C-3 |
11 | 16.1 | (CH3) | 1.325 s | C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6′, C-8 |
1′ | 88.3 | (CH) | 4.37 p (6.4) | C-3′, C-8′, C-10′ |
2′ | 47.1 | (CH) | 2.91 p (7.0) | C-1′, C-3′, C-8′, C-9′ |
3′ | 139.2 | (Cq) | ||
4′ | 55.1 | (Cq) | ||
5′ | 199.0 | (Cq) | ||
6′ | 71.9 | (CH) | 3.71 s | C-3, C-4, C-5, C-11, C-4′, C-5′, C-7′, C-8′ |
7′ | 184.2 | (Cq) | ||
8′ | 150.8 | (Cq) | ||
9′ | 20.7 | (CH3) | 1.30 d (6.4) | C-1′, C-2′ |
10′ | 19.3 | (CH3) | 1.36 d (7.0) | C-1′, C-2′, C-3′ |
11′ | 14.5 | (CH3) | 1.332 s | C-6, C-3′, C-4′, C-5′, C-8′ |
Microorganisms Tested | MIC (µg/mL) a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Penicitrinone G (1) | Penicitrinone A (2) | Penicitrinone E (3) | Penicitrinol J (4) | |
Bacillus megaterium DSM32 | >64 | >64 | >64 | 16 |
Bacillus subtilis JH642 | >64 | >64 | >64 | 16 |
Bacillus subtilis DSM10 | >64 | >64 | >64 | 64 |
Micrococcus luteus ATCC4698 | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607 | >64 | 32 | >64 | 32 |
Listeria monocytogenes DSM20600 | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 | >64 | >64 | >64 | 64 |
Escherichia coli K12 | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
Candida albicans FH2173 | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
Aspergillus flavus ATCC9170 | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
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Sabdaningsih, A.; Liu, Y.; Mettal, U.; Heep, J.; Riyanti; Wang, L.; Cristianawati, O.; Nuryadi, H.; Triandala Sibero, M.; Marner, M.; et al. A New Citrinin Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Penicillium citrinum. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040227
Sabdaningsih A, Liu Y, Mettal U, Heep J, Riyanti, Wang L, Cristianawati O, Nuryadi H, Triandala Sibero M, Marner M, et al. A New Citrinin Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Penicillium citrinum. Marine Drugs. 2020; 18(4):227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040227
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabdaningsih, Aninditia, Yang Liu, Ute Mettal, John Heep, Riyanti, Lei Wang, Olvi Cristianawati, Handung Nuryadi, Mada Triandala Sibero, Michael Marner, and et al. 2020. "A New Citrinin Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Penicillium citrinum" Marine Drugs 18, no. 4: 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040227