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Article

Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes Circulating in Belarus

by
Vladimir Eremin
1,*,
Fedor Karpenko
1,
Igor Karpov
2,
Valery Semenov
3 and
Ina Oiestad
3
1
Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnology, 220053 Minsk, Belarus
2
Department of Infectious Diseases, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus
3
Department of Infectious Diseases, Vitebsk State Medical University, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(6), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060415
Submission received: 4 March 2025 / Revised: 4 April 2025 / Accepted: 8 April 2025 / Published: 4 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Biology Methods in Hepatology Research)
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Abstract

Approximately 800–900 new cases of chronic forms of hepatitis B are reported in Belarus annually. Compulsory vaccination, introduced to the country in the mid-90s, produces a certain positive effect on reducing the number of HBV cases. However, around 75,000 patients with chronic hepatitis B are estimated to live in the country at the moment. The main goal of this research was to determine the genotypes/subgenotypes of the hepatitis B virus and establish their role in maintaining the epidemic process in the country. Serological (CMIA, ELISA), molecular biological (PCR, sequencing), and bioinformatic (phylogenetic analysis) methods have been used to obtain results. As studies have shown, in 722 (81.7%) samples, genotype D has been determined; in 156 (17.7%), genotype A; in 3 (0.3%), genotype C; and only in 1 sample (0.1%), genotype B. In two cases (0.2%), a recombinant form of the hepatitis B virus has been detected. The epidemic process of hepatitis B in the country is supported mainly by the circulation of “local” variants of the virus. At the same time, there are occasional introductions of new genetic variants from outside of the country.
Keywords: HBV; genotypes/subgenotypes; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis HBV; genotypes/subgenotypes; sequencing; phylogenetic analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Eremin, V.; Karpenko, F.; Karpov, I.; Semenov, V.; Oiestad, I. Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes Circulating in Belarus. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060415

AMA Style

Eremin V, Karpenko F, Karpov I, Semenov V, Oiestad I. Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes Circulating in Belarus. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2025; 47(6):415. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060415

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eremin, Vladimir, Fedor Karpenko, Igor Karpov, Valery Semenov, and Ina Oiestad. 2025. "Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes Circulating in Belarus" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 47, no. 6: 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060415

APA Style

Eremin, V., Karpenko, F., Karpov, I., Semenov, V., & Oiestad, I. (2025). Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes and Subgenotypes Circulating in Belarus. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 47(6), 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060415

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