The Potential Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Red Alga Gelidium spinosum against Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Extraction Yield
2.2. Chemical Analysis
2.3. Structural Characterization
2.3.1. UV and FT-IR Spectroscopy Analysis
2.3.2. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) Analysis
2.3.3. Monosaccharide Composition Analysis
2.4. Effect of PSGS and H2O2 on IEC-6 Cells Viability
2.5. Effect of PSGS and H2O2 on the Morphological Aspect
2.6. PSGS Supported Enzymatic Defense against H2O2 Toxicity
2.7. Effect of PSGS on H2O2 Induced Apoptosis in IEC-6 Cells
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Seaweed Collection and Processing
3.3. Polysaccharides Extraction
3.4. Chemical Characterization of PSGS
Determination of Total Carbohydrate, Protein, Uronic Acid, Sulfate, and Ash Content
3.5. Structural Characterization of PSGS
3.5.1. Ultraviolet and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Analysis
3.5.2. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) Analysis
3.5.3. Monosaccharide Composition Analysis
3.6. Cytoprotective Activity of PSGS on IEC-6 Cells
3.6.1. Measurement of IEC-6 Cells Viability
3.6.2. Cell Morphology Observation
3.7. Determination of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity
3.7.1. Superoxide DISMUTASE Activity
3.7.2. Catalase Activity
3.8. Apoptosis Rate Detection
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Content % | PSGs |
---|---|
Total sugars | 67.28 ± 0.08 |
Proteins | 4.81 ± 0.06 |
Uronic acids | 14.30 ± 0.13 |
Sulfate | 17.30 ± 0.77 |
Ash | 2.64 ± 0.41 |
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Ajala, M.; Droguet, M.; Kraiem, M.; Ben Saad, H.; Boujhoud, Z.; Hilali, A.; Kallel, H.; Pujo, J.M.; Ben Amara, I. The Potential Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Red Alga Gelidium spinosum against Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030444
Ajala M, Droguet M, Kraiem M, Ben Saad H, Boujhoud Z, Hilali A, Kallel H, Pujo JM, Ben Amara I. The Potential Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Red Alga Gelidium spinosum against Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(3):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030444
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjala, Marwa, Mickael Droguet, Marwa Kraiem, Hajer Ben Saad, Zakaria Boujhoud, Abderraouf Hilali, Hatem Kallel, Jean Marc Pujo, and Ibtissem Ben Amara. 2023. "The Potential Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Red Alga Gelidium spinosum against Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 3: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030444