Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Current Networks
1.2. 5G in Colombia
1.3. Objectives and Motivation
- To present the current state of mobile cellular systems in Colombia.
- To document the strategies to be implemented by the Colombian state and mobile operators for the massification of 4G networks and the introduction of 5G.
- To identify the situations that have prevented the implementation of 5G in Colombia.
2. Methodology
3. Analysis and Results
3.1. Current Networks
3.2. Deployment of 5G in Colombia
3.3. Failures in 5G Deployment in Colombia
3.4. Expectations for the Implementation of 5G in Colombia
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Generation | Advantages | Disadvantages |
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1G |
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2G |
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3G |
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4G |
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5G |
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Filters | Selection Criteria Applied |
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Document type | Conference paper, article, review, book chapter, conference review, book |
Year | 2017–2022 |
Publication stage | Final |
Source type | Journal, conference proceedings, book series, book |
Language | English |
Year | Frequency (MHz) | Amount of Spectrum Assigned | Allocation Value (USD) | Supplier |
---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2500–2690 | 50 MHz | 41.164.757 | UNE |
2011 | 1850–1852.5 1930–1932.5 | 5 MHz | 16.099.999 | Colombia Móvil S.A. E.S.P. (Tigo) |
1852.5–1855 1932.5–1935 | 5 MHz | 16.099.999 | Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) | |
1867.5–1870 1947.5–1950 | 5 MHz | 15.900.000 | Telefónica móviles Colombia S.A. (Movistar) | |
1885–1887.5 1965–1967.5 | 5 MHz | 15.900.000 | ||
1887.5–1890 1967.5–1970 | 5 MHz | 15.900.000 | ||
2013 | 1710–1725 2110–2125 | 30 MHz | 55.987.819 | Avantel S.A.S. |
1725–1740 2125–2140 | 30 MHz | 103.103.657 | Telefónica móviles Colombia S.A. (Movistar) | |
1740–1755 2140–2155 | 30 MHz | 101.983.901 | Unión Temporal Colombia Móvil ETB | |
2525–2540 2645–2660 | 30 MHz | 62.516.732 | Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) | |
2555–2570 2675–2690 | 30 MHz | 37.436.499 | Direct TV Colombia Ltd.a | |
2575–2615 | 40 MHz | 40.410.795 | ||
2014 | 835.02–844.98 846.51–848.97 880.02–889.98 891.51–893.97 | 25 MHz | 145.265.970 (One-off payment for the 850 MHz and 1950 MHz bands) | Colombia Telecomunicaciones S.A. E.S.P. (Movistar Colombia) |
1875.0–1882.5 | 15 MHz | |||
1955.0–1962.5 | ||||
824.04–825 825.03–834.99 845.01–846.08 869.04–870 870.03–879.99 890.01–891.48 | 25 MHz | 145.265.970 (One-off payment for the 850 MHz and 1950 MHz bands) | Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) | |
1850–1852.5 | ||||
1855–1860 | 15 MHz | |||
1935–1940 | ||||
2019 | 703–713 758–768 | 20 MHz | 285.673.904 | Colombia Móvil S.A. E.S.P. (Tigo) |
713–723 768–778 | 20 MHz | 451.064.060 | ||
723–733 778–788 | 20 MHz | 285.673.904 | Partners Telecom Colombia S.A.S. WOM | |
733–743 788–798 | 20 MHz | 285.450.582 | Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) | |
2515–2520 2635–2640 | 10 MHz | 88.154.918 | Partners Telecom Colombia S.A.S. WOM | |
2520–2525 2640–2645 | 10 MHz | 52.165.481 | ||
2540–2545 2660–2665 | 10 MHz | 50.822.399 | Comunicación Celular S.A. (Claro) | |
2545–2550 2665–2670 | 10 MHz | 59.487.802 | ||
2550–2555 2670–2675 | 10 MHz | 81.535.840 |
Company Providing the Service | Spectrum Use Permit | Virtual Operator |
---|---|---|
Avantel S.A.S. | ✓ | ✗ |
Colombia Móvil S.A. E.S.P (Tigo) | ✓ | ✗ |
Colombia Telecomunicaciones S.A. E.S.P. (Movistar) | ✓ | ✗ |
Comunicación Celular S.A. COMCEL S.A. | ✓ | ✗ |
Partners Telecom Colombia S.A.S | ✓ | ✗ |
Mercanet S.A.S | ✗ | ✓ |
Empresa Colombiana de Procesos Tecnológicos, Tecnología y Comunicaciones S.A. | ✗ | ✓ |
Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Bogotá S.A. E.S.P. | ✗ | ✓ |
Virgin Mobile Colombia S.A.S. | ✗ | ✓ |
Nesh Móvil S.A.S. | ✗ | ✓ |
Setroc Mobile Group S.A.S. | ✗ | ✓ |
Almacenes Éxito Inversiones S.A.S. | ✗ | ✓ |
Logística Flash Colombia S.A.S. | ✗ | ✓ |
Suma Móvil S.A.S | ✗ | ✓ |
Applicant | Frequency Band |
---|---|
Colombia Telecomunicaciones S.A. E.S.P. | 3500 MHz–3600 MHz |
Comunicación Celular S.A. Comcel S.A. | 3500 MHz–3600 MHz |
Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Bogotá S.A. E.S.P. | 3500 MHz–3600 MHz |
ITICS S.A.S. | 3500 MHz–3600 MHz |
Xiro Investment Group SAS | 3300 MHz–3400 MHz and 587 MHz–592 MHz |
Sector | Summary of Implementation | References |
---|---|---|
e-health | Transmission of high-definition video and medical images between medical centers and with patients. | [87] |
Classification and remote monitoring of patient’s condition using neural networks. | [96] | |
Monitoring and recommending actions to patients in a mobile context. | [97] | |
Agriculture | Remote control of the irrigation system. | [98] |
A platform for calculation, analysis, and sowing guidance by integrating agronomy, BD, IoT, and 5G. | [99] | |
Inspection and early warning robot for greenhouses. | [100] | |
Education | High-speed mobile network based on open source for virtual education. | [101] |
Model for the development of music education in universities. | [102] | |
Video surveillance system based on a wireless sensor network for education and multimedia teaching in classrooms. | [103] | |
Safety and security | Smart mobile application for police security at large events. | [104] |
UAV-assisted tracking and reconnaissance system. | [105] | |
Real-time monitoring of conditions, safety, and privacy on motorways. | [106] |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Barrios-Ulloa, A.; Cama-Pinto, D.; Arrabal-Campos, F.M.; Martínez-Lao, J.A.; Monsalvo-Amaris, J.; Hernández-López, A.; Cama-Pinto, A. Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors 2023, 23, 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126
Barrios-Ulloa A, Cama-Pinto D, Arrabal-Campos FM, Martínez-Lao JA, Monsalvo-Amaris J, Hernández-López A, Cama-Pinto A. Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors. 2023; 23(3):1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarrios-Ulloa, Alexis, Dora Cama-Pinto, Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos, Juan Antonio Martínez-Lao, José Monsalvo-Amaris, Audomaro Hernández-López, and Alejandro Cama-Pinto. 2023. "Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G" Sensors 23, no. 3: 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126
APA StyleBarrios-Ulloa, A., Cama-Pinto, D., Arrabal-Campos, F. M., Martínez-Lao, J. A., Monsalvo-Amaris, J., Hernández-López, A., & Cama-Pinto, A. (2023). Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors, 23(3), 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126