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Volume 23
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10.3390/s23031126
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Review

Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G

by
Alexis Barrios-Ulloa
1,
Dora Cama-Pinto
2,3,*,
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos
4,5,
Juan Antonio Martínez-Lao
4,6,
José Monsalvo-Amaris
7,
Audomaro Hernández-López
8 and
Alejandro Cama-Pinto
7,*
1
Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
2
Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
3
Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
4
Department Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
5
CIAIMBITAL Research Center, CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, s/n La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain
6
CIMEDES Research Center, CeiA3, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, s/n La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain
7
Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
8
Ericsson Latam North, Ericsson, Mexico City 02230, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126
Submission received: 14 November 2022 / Revised: 10 January 2023 / Accepted: 15 January 2023 / Published: 18 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G and beyond Wireless Communication Networks: Radio Technologies and Deployment Scenarios)
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Abstract

The deployment of 5G around the world continues to progress at a rapid pace, especially in North America and Asia. Its advantages and efficiency as a data transmission network have been widely demonstrated in different fields such as agriculture, education, health, and surveillance. However, this process does not have the same dynamics in Latin America, specifically in Colombia. The country is currently implementing actions aimed at facilitating the deployment of this technology in the short term, including pilot tests for the use of the radio spectrum, spectrum auctions, the planning of future auctions, and the review of spectrum caps. The results of this review allow us to conclude that despite the forecasts and the intentions of the Colombian government and mobile communication service operators, 5G in standalone mode will not be commercially available in Colombia before the end of 2023. The main failures in its deployment are related to the lack of available spectrum to support the ultrahigh-reliability and low-latency, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communications scenarios, as well as the delay in the auction processes for its assignment.
Keywords: 4G; 5G; Colombia; mobile communication networks; mobile operators; spectrum 4G; 5G; Colombia; mobile communication networks; mobile operators; spectrum

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MDPI and ACS Style

Barrios-Ulloa, A.; Cama-Pinto, D.; Arrabal-Campos, F.M.; Martínez-Lao, J.A.; Monsalvo-Amaris, J.; Hernández-López, A.; Cama-Pinto, A. Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors 2023, 23, 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126

AMA Style

Barrios-Ulloa A, Cama-Pinto D, Arrabal-Campos FM, Martínez-Lao JA, Monsalvo-Amaris J, Hernández-López A, Cama-Pinto A. Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors. 2023; 23(3):1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barrios-Ulloa, Alexis, Dora Cama-Pinto, Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos, Juan Antonio Martínez-Lao, José Monsalvo-Amaris, Audomaro Hernández-López, and Alejandro Cama-Pinto. 2023. "Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G" Sensors 23, no. 3: 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126

APA Style

Barrios-Ulloa, A., Cama-Pinto, D., Arrabal-Campos, F. M., Martínez-Lao, J. A., Monsalvo-Amaris, J., Hernández-López, A., & Cama-Pinto, A. (2023). Overview of Mobile Communications in Colombia and Introduction to 5G. Sensors, 23(3), 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031126

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