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Volume 18
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10.3390/s18113926
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Article

Sandwich Electrochemical Immunosensor for Early Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Graphene/Polyaniline-Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrode

by
Umi Zulaikha Mohd Azmi
1,
Nor Azah Yusof
1,2,*,
Norzila Kusnin
1,
Jaafar Abdullah
1,2,
Siti Suraiya
3,
Poh Shing Ong
4,
Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston
5,
Siti Fatimah Abd Rahman
1,* and
Mohamad Faris Mohamad Fathil
6
1
Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3
School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
4
NanoMalaysia Berhad, a CLG under the Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia
5
School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
6
Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2018, 18(11), 3926; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113926
Submission received: 14 August 2018 / Revised: 24 September 2018 / Accepted: 12 October 2018 / Published: 14 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Sensors)
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Abstract

A rapid and sensitive sandwich electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on the fabrication of the graphene/polyaniline (GP/PANI) nanocomposite onto screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) for detection of tuberculosis biomarker 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10). The prepared GP/PANI nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical bonding and morphology of GP/PANI-modified SPGE were studied by Raman spectroscopy and FESEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. From both studies, it clearly showed that GP/PANI was successfully coated onto SPGE through drop cast technique. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode. The effective surface area for GP/PANI-modified SPGE was enhanced about five times compared with bare SPGE. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to detect the CFP10 antigen. The GP/PANI-modified SPGE that was fortified with sandwich type immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (20–100 ng/mL) with a low detection limit of 15 ng/mL. This proposed electrochemical immunosensor is sensitive, low sample volume, rapid and disposable, which is suitable for tuberculosis detection in real samples.
Keywords: tuberculosis; electrochemical sensor; screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE); graphene; polyaniline tuberculosis; electrochemical sensor; screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE); graphene; polyaniline

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mohd Azmi, U.Z.; Yusof, N.A.; Kusnin, N.; Abdullah, J.; Suraiya, S.; Ong, P.S.; Ahmad Raston, N.H.; Abd Rahman, S.F.; Mohamad Fathil, M.F. Sandwich Electrochemical Immunosensor for Early Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Graphene/Polyaniline-Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrode. Sensors 2018, 18, 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113926

AMA Style

Mohd Azmi UZ, Yusof NA, Kusnin N, Abdullah J, Suraiya S, Ong PS, Ahmad Raston NH, Abd Rahman SF, Mohamad Fathil MF. Sandwich Electrochemical Immunosensor for Early Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Graphene/Polyaniline-Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrode. Sensors. 2018; 18(11):3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113926

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohd Azmi, Umi Zulaikha, Nor Azah Yusof, Norzila Kusnin, Jaafar Abdullah, Siti Suraiya, Poh Shing Ong, Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston, Siti Fatimah Abd Rahman, and Mohamad Faris Mohamad Fathil. 2018. "Sandwich Electrochemical Immunosensor for Early Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Graphene/Polyaniline-Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrode" Sensors 18, no. 11: 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113926

APA Style

Mohd Azmi, U. Z., Yusof, N. A., Kusnin, N., Abdullah, J., Suraiya, S., Ong, P. S., Ahmad Raston, N. H., Abd Rahman, S. F., & Mohamad Fathil, M. F. (2018). Sandwich Electrochemical Immunosensor for Early Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Graphene/Polyaniline-Modified Screen-Printed Gold Electrode. Sensors, 18(11), 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113926

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