Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sampling Design
2.2. Dataset Preparation and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rare and Threatened Taxa | Positively Associated Taxa | Negatively Associated Taxa |
---|---|---|
Adonis annua | Aphanes arvensis; Bifora testiculata; Bupleurum subovatum; Coronilla scorpioides; Cota altissima; Delphinium consolida; Euphorbia falcata; Galium tricornutum; Geranium dissectum; Gladiolus italicus; Legousia speculum-veneris; Medicago polymorpha; Muscari comosum; Ranunculus arvensis; Scandix pecten-veneris; Vicia sativa agg.; Vicia lutea | Poa annua*; Polygonum aviculare agg.; Sonchus oleraceus* |
Agrostemma githago | Galium tricornutum | Helminthotheca echioides; Lysimachia arvensis |
Bifora radians | Galium tricornutum | |
Centaurea cyanus | Veronica arvensis; Viola arvensis | Veronica persica |
Filago pyramidata | Legousia speculum-veneris | |
Galium tricornutum | Adonis annua; Agrostemma githago; Bifora radians; Bifora testiculata; Buglossoides arvensis; Bupleurum subovatum; Carduus pycnocephalus; Convolvulus arvensis; Coronilla scorpioides; Euphorbia falcata; Gladiolus italicus; Lathyrus aphaca; Lathyrus ochrus; Legousia speculum-veneris; Medicago arabica; Medicago polymorpha; Muscari comosum; Ranunculus arvensis; Rhagadiolus stellatus; Scandix pecten-veneris; Sonchus asper*; Torilis nodosa; Trigonella sulcata; Valerianella eriocarpa; Vicia sativa agg.; Vicia lutea | Epilobium tetragonum; Poa annua*; Polygonum aviculare agg.; Ranunculus sardous; Veronica persica |
Lathyrus aphaca | Alopecurus myosuroides*; Galium tricornutum; Legousia speculum-veneris; Ranunculus arvensis; Scandix pecten-veneris | |
Legousia speculum-veneris | Adonis annua; Anthemis cotula; Avena sterilis; Bifora testiculata; Bupleurum subovatum; Chondrilla juncea; Convolvulus arvensis; Coronilla scorpioides; Cota altissima; Crepis sancta; Delphinium consolida; Euphorbia falcata; Fallopia convolvulus; Filago pyramidata; Galium tricornutum; Gladiolus italicus; Glebionis segetum; Lathyrus aphaca; Lathyrus ochrus; Medicago polymorpha; Muscari comosum; Myosotis arvensis; Ranunculus arvensis; Rhagadiolus stellatus; Scandix pecten-veneris; Stachys annua; Tordylium apulum; Trigonella sulcata; Vicia lutea; Viola arvensis | Poa annua* |
Lolium temulentum | Scandix pecten-veneris | |
Ranunculus arvensis | Adonis annua; Anthemis cotula; Bifora testiculata; Bupleurum subovatum; Convolvulus arvensis; Coronilla scorpioides; Delphinium consolida; Euphorbia falcata; Fallopia convolvulus; Galium tricornutum; Helminthotheca echioides; Lathyrus aphaca; Lathyrus ochrus; Legousia speculum-veneris; Medicago polymorpha; Rhagadiolus stellatus; Scandix pecten-veneris; Stachys annua; Trigonella sulcata; Valerianella eriocarpa; Vicia sativa agg.; Vicia lutea | Glebionis segetum; Lolium multiflorum; Poa annua*; Viola arvensis |
Scandix pecten-veneris | Adonis annua; Aphanes arvensis; Bifora testiculata; Buglossoides arvensis; Bupleurum subovatum; Coronilla scorpioides; Delphinium consolida; Euphorbia falcata; Galium tricornutum; Gladiolus italicus; Medicago arabica; Medicago polymorpha; Muscari comosum; Lathyrus aphaca; Lathyrus ochrus; Legousia speculum-veneris; Lolium temulentum; Ranunculus arvensis; Rhagadiolus stellatus; Sherardia arvensis; Trigonella sulcata; Vicia lutea; Vicia sativa agg. | Chenopodium album*; Matricaria chamomilla; Polygonum aviculare agg.; Veronica persica |
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Fanfarillo, E.; Latini, M.; Abbate, G. Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy. Diversity 2020, 12, 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050195
Fanfarillo E, Latini M, Abbate G. Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy. Diversity. 2020; 12(5):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050195
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanfarillo, Emanuele, Marta Latini, and Giovanna Abbate. 2020. "Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy" Diversity 12, no. 5: 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050195
APA StyleFanfarillo, E., Latini, M., & Abbate, G. (2020). Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy. Diversity, 12(5), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050195