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Article

Identification and Characterization of Histone Modification Gene Families and Their Expression Patterns During Pod and Seed Development in Peanut

by
Yingying Chang
1,
Yohannes Gelaye
1,2,
Ruonan Yao
1,
Ping Yang
1,
Jihua Li
1,
Nian Liu
1,
Li Huang
1,
Xiaojing Zhou
1,
Weigang Chen
1,
Bolun Yu
1,
Huifang Jiang
1,
Boshou Liao
1,
Yong Lei
1 and
Huaiyong Luo
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2591; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062591
Submission received: 9 February 2025 / Revised: 7 March 2025 / Accepted: 10 March 2025 / Published: 13 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Epigenetic Regulation in Seed Development)
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Abstract

Histone methylation and acetylation play potential roles in plant growth and development through various histone modification (HM) genes. However, studies of HM genes are still limited in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a globally important oilseed crop. Here, comprehensive identification and investigation of HM genes were performed using the whole genome of peanut, and a total of 207 AhHMs encoding 108 histone methyltransferases, 51 histone demethylases, 16 histone acetylases, and 32 histone deacetylases were identified. Detailed analysis of these AhHMs, including chromosome locations, gene structures, protein motifs, and protein–protein interactions, was performed. Tandem, segmental, transposed, dispersed, and whole-genome duplications were involved in the evolution and expansion of the HM gene families in peanut. Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the AhHMs underwent purifying selection. The expression profiles of the 207 AhHMs were investigated during the pod and seed development stages on the basis of the transcriptome sequencing results. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that eight AhHMs were differentially expressed during pod and seed development. These results provide data support for further studying the epigenetic mechanism of peanut histones, deepen the understanding of seed development, and provide a new direction for the cultivation of more high-yield and high-quality peanut varieties.
Keywords: peanut; histone modification; gene family; pod and seed development; expression profile peanut; histone modification; gene family; pod and seed development; expression profile

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chang, Y.; Gelaye, Y.; Yao, R.; Yang, P.; Li, J.; Liu, N.; Huang, L.; Zhou, X.; Chen, W.; Yu, B.; et al. Identification and Characterization of Histone Modification Gene Families and Their Expression Patterns During Pod and Seed Development in Peanut. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062591

AMA Style

Chang Y, Gelaye Y, Yao R, Yang P, Li J, Liu N, Huang L, Zhou X, Chen W, Yu B, et al. Identification and Characterization of Histone Modification Gene Families and Their Expression Patterns During Pod and Seed Development in Peanut. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(6):2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062591

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang, Yingying, Yohannes Gelaye, Ruonan Yao, Ping Yang, Jihua Li, Nian Liu, Li Huang, Xiaojing Zhou, Weigang Chen, Bolun Yu, and et al. 2025. "Identification and Characterization of Histone Modification Gene Families and Their Expression Patterns During Pod and Seed Development in Peanut" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 6: 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062591

APA Style

Chang, Y., Gelaye, Y., Yao, R., Yang, P., Li, J., Liu, N., Huang, L., Zhou, X., Chen, W., Yu, B., Jiang, H., Liao, B., Lei, Y., & Luo, H. (2025). Identification and Characterization of Histone Modification Gene Families and Their Expression Patterns During Pod and Seed Development in Peanut. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(6), 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062591

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