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Article

Estimating the Contribution of Renal Function to Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Inflammation with a Two-Cohort Study: Living Kidney Donors and Their Transplant Recipients

by
Irina B. Torres
1,2,
Carla Burballa
3,
José M. González-Posada
4,
Domingo Hernández
5,
Esteban Porrini
6,
Janire Perurena
7,
Vicente Cortina
8,
Manel Perelló
1,
Dolores Redondo-Pachón
3,
Ana González-Rine
4,
Mercedes Cabello
5,
Maria José Pérez-Sáez
3,
Marta Crespo
3,
Oriol Bestard
1,2,
Daniel Serón
1 and
Francesc Moreso
1,2,*
1
Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
2
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
3
Nephrology Department, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
4
Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna-Tenerife, Spain
5
Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain
6
Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, University of La Laguna, 38320 La Laguna-Tenerife, Spain
7
Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
8
Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9535; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199535
Submission received: 16 August 2025 / Revised: 24 September 2025 / Accepted: 26 September 2025 / Published: 29 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Monitoring of Kidney Disease: From Biology to Biomarkers)
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Abstract

Living kidney transplantation offers the best results for end-stage renal disease patients, but concerns about cardiovascular risk after nephrectomy for kidney donors have been raised. We aimed to estimate the contribution of renal function to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and subclinical inflammation in a non-interventional, prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study with two cohorts: living kidney donors and their transplant recipients (registered clinical trial NCT02515643). The measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) by iohexol clearance, estimated GFR according to the CKD-EPI and MDRD-4 formulas, and levels of endothelial dysfunction (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, E-selectin, von Willebrand Factor, pentraxin, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and subclinical inflammation biomarkers (sIL-6, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sTWEAK, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were determined at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Fifty pairs of donors and recipients were recruited between 2015 and 2018. Among the endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, sVCAM-1 increased in donors and decreased in recipients (p < 0.01) while, among the inflammation biomarkers, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 significantly increased in donors and decreased in recipients (p < 0.001). After transplantation, parallel increases and decreases in ED and subclinical inflammation biomarkers were observed in the donor and recipient cohorts, respectively. Long-term follow-up is needed to characterize the cardiovascular risk associated with these changes.
Keywords: kidney transplantation; living donor; renal function; iohexol clearance; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation kidney transplantation; living donor; renal function; iohexol clearance; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Torres, I.B.; Burballa, C.; González-Posada, J.M.; Hernández, D.; Porrini, E.; Perurena, J.; Cortina, V.; Perelló, M.; Redondo-Pachón, D.; González-Rine, A.; et al. Estimating the Contribution of Renal Function to Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Inflammation with a Two-Cohort Study: Living Kidney Donors and Their Transplant Recipients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 9535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199535

AMA Style

Torres IB, Burballa C, González-Posada JM, Hernández D, Porrini E, Perurena J, Cortina V, Perelló M, Redondo-Pachón D, González-Rine A, et al. Estimating the Contribution of Renal Function to Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Inflammation with a Two-Cohort Study: Living Kidney Donors and Their Transplant Recipients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(19):9535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199535

Chicago/Turabian Style

Torres, Irina B., Carla Burballa, José M. González-Posada, Domingo Hernández, Esteban Porrini, Janire Perurena, Vicente Cortina, Manel Perelló, Dolores Redondo-Pachón, Ana González-Rine, and et al. 2025. "Estimating the Contribution of Renal Function to Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Inflammation with a Two-Cohort Study: Living Kidney Donors and Their Transplant Recipients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 19: 9535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199535

APA Style

Torres, I. B., Burballa, C., González-Posada, J. M., Hernández, D., Porrini, E., Perurena, J., Cortina, V., Perelló, M., Redondo-Pachón, D., González-Rine, A., Cabello, M., Pérez-Sáez, M. J., Crespo, M., Bestard, O., Serón, D., & Moreso, F. (2025). Estimating the Contribution of Renal Function to Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Inflammation with a Two-Cohort Study: Living Kidney Donors and Their Transplant Recipients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(19), 9535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199535

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