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Volume 26
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Early Effect of Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids on Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Sarcopenia

by
Giuseppe Armentaro
1,†,
Velia Cassano
2,†,
Pasquale Loiacono
2,
Carlo Fuoco
2,
Giandomenico Severini
2,
Carlo Alberto Pastura
2,
Alberto Panza
2,
Marilisa Panza
2,
Elisa Mazza
2,
Sofia Miceli
1,
Arturo Pujia
2,3,
Tiziana Montalcini
3,4,‡ and
Angela Sciacqua
1,2,3,*,‡
1
Geriatrics Division, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
3
Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
4
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed as first author.
‡
These authors equally contributed as last author.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157533 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 7 July 2025 / Revised: 30 July 2025 / Accepted: 2 August 2025 / Published: 4 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathology and Treatment of Heart Failure)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The aim of the present observational study was to evaluate the early effect of free-form essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on cardiac and muscular performance in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and sarcopenia, as add-on to the optimized medical therapy (OMT) for HF. The present study included 60 elderly Caucasian patients suffering from HFrEF and sarcopenia. At the baseline and at follow-up, all patients underwent complete physical examination with the determination of the main anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters. After 6 months of supplementation with EAAs, we observed significant improvements in the parameters of sarcopenia. In addition, there was a significant improvement in glycol-metabolic parameters, and in inflammatory index as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In accordance with these results, significant decreases were observed in circulating levels of oxidative stress biomarkers Nox-2 (p < 0.001) and 8-Isoprostane (p < 0.001), and platelet aggregation biomarkers such as sP-Selectin (p < 0.001) and Gp-VI (p < 0.001). Of particular interest, after 6 months’ follow-up, there was a significant improvement in LVEF and global longitudinal strain (GLS). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that targeted nutritional intervention with EEAAs represents a viable therapeutic strategy for addressing the complex interplay between cardiac dysfunction and skeletal muscle wasting in elderly HF patients.
Keywords: heart failure; sarcopenia; oxidative stress; essential amino acids heart failure; sarcopenia; oxidative stress; essential amino acids

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MDPI and ACS Style

Armentaro, G.; Cassano, V.; Loiacono, P.; Fuoco, C.; Severini, G.; Pastura, C.A.; Panza, A.; Panza, M.; Mazza, E.; Miceli, S.; et al. Early Effect of Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids on Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Sarcopenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 7533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157533

AMA Style

Armentaro G, Cassano V, Loiacono P, Fuoco C, Severini G, Pastura CA, Panza A, Panza M, Mazza E, Miceli S, et al. Early Effect of Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids on Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Sarcopenia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(15):7533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157533

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armentaro, Giuseppe, Velia Cassano, Pasquale Loiacono, Carlo Fuoco, Giandomenico Severini, Carlo Alberto Pastura, Alberto Panza, Marilisa Panza, Elisa Mazza, Sofia Miceli, and et al. 2025. "Early Effect of Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids on Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Sarcopenia" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 15: 7533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157533

APA Style

Armentaro, G., Cassano, V., Loiacono, P., Fuoco, C., Severini, G., Pastura, C. A., Panza, A., Panza, M., Mazza, E., Miceli, S., Pujia, A., Montalcini, T., & Sciacqua, A. (2025). Early Effect of Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids on Cardiac Performance in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure and Sarcopenia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(15), 7533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157533

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