Effects of Cnidium officinale, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, and Leonurus japonicus Extract on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunctions in Ovariectomized Rats and Molecular Mechanisms
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. E-Screening of CPL Extracts Using MCF-7 Cells
2.2. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis of CPL Extracts
2.3. Body Weight and Body Weight Gain
2.4. Organ and Fat Weight
2.5. Tail Temperatures
2.6. Serum Lipid Profiles
2.7. Serum Hepatic Function Profiles
2.8. Serum Estradiol (E2) Levels
2.9. Serum Vasoactive Substances
2.10. Serum Cardiovascular Risk Indices
2.11. Endometrium Thickness
2.12. Protein Expression Levels and Their Estrogenic Effect in the Uterus
2.13. Protein Expression Levels and Their Vasodilation Effect in the Liver
2.14. Cell Adhesion Molecule Levels in HUVECs
2.15. Gene Expression Levels in HUVECs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of CPL Extracts
4.2. Animals
4.3. Ovariectomy Procedure and Treatment
4.4. Body Weight Measurement
4.5. Serum Biochemical Analysis
4.6. Cardiovascular Index
4.7. Tail Temperature Measurements
4.8. Uterine Histological Analysis
4.9. Western Blotting
4.10. Cell Proliferation Assay
4.11. Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Assay (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 Assay)
4.12. mRNA Expression Analysis
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mixture | Cnidii rhizoma | Puerariae radix | Leonuri herba |
---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | 0 | 0 |
B | 0 | 1 | 0 |
C | 0 | 0 | 1 |
D | 1 | 1 | 0 |
E | 0 | 1 | 2 |
F | 1 | 0 | 2 |
G | 1 | 1 | 7 |
H | 1 | 2 | 4 |
I | 1 | 3 | 2 |
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Oh, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, J.; Jang, J.; Noh, D.; Kim, H.-S. Effects of Cnidium officinale, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, and Leonurus japonicus Extract on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunctions in Ovariectomized Rats and Molecular Mechanisms. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104708
Oh J, Kim M, Kim J, Jang J, Noh D, Kim H-S. Effects of Cnidium officinale, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, and Leonurus japonicus Extract on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunctions in Ovariectomized Rats and Molecular Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(10):4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104708
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Joohee, Minseo Kim, Jinsoo Kim, Jiwon Jang, Dongjin Noh, and Hyun-Sook Kim. 2025. "Effects of Cnidium officinale, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, and Leonurus japonicus Extract on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunctions in Ovariectomized Rats and Molecular Mechanisms" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 10: 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104708
APA StyleOh, J., Kim, M., Kim, J., Jang, J., Noh, D., & Kim, H.-S. (2025). Effects of Cnidium officinale, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, and Leonurus japonicus Extract on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunctions in Ovariectomized Rats and Molecular Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(10), 4708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104708