Chitosan/Pomegranate Seed Oil Emulgel Composition as a New Strategy for Dermal Delivery of Hydrocortisone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Emulgels Characteristics
2.2. Textural Behavior
2.3. In Vitro Dissolution Profile
2.4. Penetration and Retention Studies
2.5. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.6. Agarose Overlay Assay
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Emulgels
3.3. HTZ Content
3.4. TEM Analysis
3.5. Textural Properties
3.6. Dissolution Studies
3.7. Permeability Studies with Skin PAMPA Assay
3.8. Retention Studies
3.9. Anti-Hyaluronidase Activity
- (a)
- Control 1 (B1): enzymes and hyaluronic acid were replaced with an acetate buffer (25.0 μL), and the extract was replaced with the extraction mixture (10.0 μL);
- (b)
- Control 2 (B2): the enzyme solution was exchanged with an acetate buffer (25.0 μL), and the extract was replaced with the extraction mixture (10.0 μL);
- (c)
- Control 3 (B3): the extract was replaced with the extraction mixture (10.0 μL);
- (d)
- Control 4 (B4): the hyaluronic acid solution was replaced with an acetate buffer (25.0 μL); and
- (e)
- Control 5 (B5): the enzyme solution was replaced with an acetate buffer (25.0 μL).
3.10. Agarose Overlay Assay
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component (%) | Formulation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Emulgel o/w | Emulgel w/o | |||
E-1 | E-2 | E-3 | E-4 | |
HTZ | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Glycerolum | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Lecithin | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Cetostearic acid | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Pomegranate oil | 20.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 60.0 |
CS 3% (w/w) in 1% lactic acid | 80.0 | 60.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 |
Parameter | Formulation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Emulgel o/w | Emulgel w/o | |||
E-1 CS/PO 8:2 | E-2 CS/PO 6:4 | E-3 CS/PO 2:8 | E-4 CS/PO 4:6 | |
pH * | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.1 |
Drug content uniformity (%) * | 105.6 ± 4.2 | 98.6 ± 1.8 | 93.1 ± 2.9 | 92.7 ± 7.1 |
Soluble fraction of HTZ (%) * | 25.1 ± 0.2 | 25.7 ± 0.1 | 27.2 ± 0.3 | 26.6 ± 0.2 |
Physical stability upon centrifugation | uniform | uniform | phase separation | phase separation |
Time | E-1 | E-2 | E-3 | Control 1 | Control 2 | Control 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Papp × 10−6 cm/s | ||||||
4 h | 0.30 ± 0.01 b | 0.30 ± 0.02 b | 0.59 ± 0.15 a | 0.10 ± 0.03 b | 0.72 ± 0.22 a | 0.23 ± 0.16 b |
24 h | 3.04 ± 0.85 a | 2.22 ± 0.84 a | 1.86 ± 0.62 a | 0.67 ± 0.39 b | 0.83 ± 0.08 b | 0.35 ± 0.24 b |
E-1 | E-2 | E-3 | Control 1 | Control 2 | Control 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IC50 [mg emulgel/mL] | IC50 [mg/mL] | ||||
76.03 ± 2.47 c | 19.46 ± 1.41 a | 18.69 ± 0.15 a | 16.91 ± 2.19 a | 63.47 ± 1.56 b | >1 |
Sample | Diameter of Lysis Area | Area of Lysis Zone | Morphological Assessment | Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC | 21.34 mm | 3.87 cm2 | All cells were lysed within the area | 4 |
NC | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
E-1 | None | None | Cells under the filter disc with a sign of slight degeneration | 1 |
E-2 | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
E-3 | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
P-1 | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
P-2 | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
P-3 | None | None | Cells without any morphological changes | 0 |
Grade | Reactivity | Condition of a Culture and Lysis Zone |
---|---|---|
0 | None | No cell lysis zone |
1 | Slight | Slight growth inhibition, cells partially degenerated under the filter disc |
2 | Mild | Higher growth inhibition, no more than 50%, lysis zone restricted to the place under the filter disc |
3 | Moderate | More than 50% of growth inhibition, radius of lysis zone <1 cm around the filter disc |
4 | Severe | Nearly complete or complete destruction of cells, radius of lysis zone >1 cm around the filter disc |
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Bagińska, Z.H.; Paczkowska-Walendowska, M.; Basa, A.; Rachalewski, M.; Lendzion, K.; Cielecka-Piontek, J.; Szymańska, E. Chitosan/Pomegranate Seed Oil Emulgel Composition as a New Strategy for Dermal Delivery of Hydrocortisone. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073765
Bagińska ZH, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Basa A, Rachalewski M, Lendzion K, Cielecka-Piontek J, Szymańska E. Chitosan/Pomegranate Seed Oil Emulgel Composition as a New Strategy for Dermal Delivery of Hydrocortisone. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(7):3765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073765
Chicago/Turabian StyleBagińska, Zofia Helena, Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska, Anna Basa, Michał Rachalewski, Karolina Lendzion, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, and Emilia Szymańska. 2024. "Chitosan/Pomegranate Seed Oil Emulgel Composition as a New Strategy for Dermal Delivery of Hydrocortisone" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7: 3765. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073765