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Review

Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols

by
Lucia Carmela Passacatini
1,†,
Sara Ilari
1,*,†,
Saverio Nucera
2,
Federica Scarano
2,
Roberta Macrì
2,
Rosamaria Caminiti
2,
Maria Serra
2,
Francesca Oppedisano
2,
Jessica Maiuolo
2,
Ernesto Palma
2,
Valentina Malafoglia
1,
Carlo Tomino
1,
Massimo Fini
1,
Vincenzo Mollace
2 and
Carolina Muscoli
2,*
1
IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 11993; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211993
Submission received: 18 October 2024 / Revised: 5 November 2024 / Accepted: 6 November 2024 / Published: 8 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthetic and Natural Drugs for Pain Treatment)
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Abstract

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and often debilitating condition that significantly impacts the gastrointestinal system and the overall quality of life of those affected. IBS is characterized by a variety of distressing symptoms, including cramping, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel movements, underlined by an intricate interplay of immune system dysfunction in its pathology. Numerous studies highlight an increased cellular immune response, with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, mucosal alterations due to immune imbalance, and visceral hypersensitivity. Notably, studies indicate increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, immune imbalances that lead to mucosal changes, and heightened visceral sensitivity. The roles of effector and regulatory T cells are particularly intriguing, as their modification appears to amplify inflammation and may even contribute to autoimmune disorders. This overview of systematic reviews explores the connections between IBS and immune responses, with a focus on immune cell alterations and proliferation of lymphocytes and mast cells in affected individuals. Furthermore, we explore various aspects of IBS management, including its pharmacological approaches. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science yielded 676 articles, which were ultimately narrowed down to 9 key studies that met our inclusion criteria. These studies collectively underscore the activation of the immune system with the degranulation of the mast cells in patients with IBS, where the release of inflammatory mediators can compromise intestinal permeability, exacerbating symptoms further. Additionally, we examine the multifaceted management strategies for IBS, emphasizing the potential therapeutic benefits of dietary polyphenols as antioxidants. The present study aims to enhance our understanding of IBS and offer insights into more effective treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Keywords: IBS; immune system; polyphenols IBS; immune system; polyphenols

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Passacatini, L.C.; Ilari, S.; Nucera, S.; Scarano, F.; Macrì, R.; Caminiti, R.; Serra, M.; Oppedisano, F.; Maiuolo, J.; Palma, E.; et al. Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 11993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211993

AMA Style

Passacatini LC, Ilari S, Nucera S, Scarano F, Macrì R, Caminiti R, Serra M, Oppedisano F, Maiuolo J, Palma E, et al. Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(22):11993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211993

Chicago/Turabian Style

Passacatini, Lucia Carmela, Sara Ilari, Saverio Nucera, Federica Scarano, Roberta Macrì, Rosamaria Caminiti, Maria Serra, Francesca Oppedisano, Jessica Maiuolo, Ernesto Palma, and et al. 2024. "Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 22: 11993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211993

APA Style

Passacatini, L. C., Ilari, S., Nucera, S., Scarano, F., Macrì, R., Caminiti, R., Serra, M., Oppedisano, F., Maiuolo, J., Palma, E., Malafoglia, V., Tomino, C., Fini, M., Mollace, V., & Muscoli, C. (2024). Multiple Aspects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Immune System: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with a Focus on Polyphenols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(22), 11993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211993

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