Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review

Enzel, Darya; Kriventsov, Maxim; Sataieva, Tatiana; Malygina, Veronika

doi:10.3390/ijms25168946

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Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review

Medical Institute Named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenina Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Russia

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8946; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168946

Submission received: 18 July 2024 / Revised: 1 August 2024 / Accepted: 13 August 2024 / Published: 16 August 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)

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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remains a relevant problem of the healthcare system with an unfavorable prognosis for patients due to progressive fibrous remodeling of the pulmonary parenchyma. Starting with the damage of the epithelial lining of alveoli, pulmonary fibrosis is implemented through a cascade of complex mechanisms, the crucial of which is the TGF-β/SMAD-mediated pathway, involving various cell populations. Considering that a number of the available drugs (pirfenidone and nintedanib) have only limited effectiveness in slowing the progression of fibrosis, the search and justification of new approaches aimed at regulating the immune response, cellular aging processes, programmed cell death, and transdifferentiation of cell populations remains relevant. This literature review presents the key modern concepts concerning molecular genetics and cellular mechanisms of lung fibrosis development, based mainly on in vitro and in vivo studies in experimental models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the latest data on metabolic features, potential targets, and effects of vitamin D and its metabolites.

Keywords: lungs; fibrosis; inflammation; vitamin D; vitamin D receptors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Enzel, D.; Kriventsov, M.; Sataieva, T.; Malygina, V. Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168946

AMA Style

Enzel D, Kriventsov M, Sataieva T, Malygina V. Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168946

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enzel, Darya, Maxim Kriventsov, Tatiana Sataieva, and Veronika Malygina. 2024. "Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168946

APA Style

Enzel, D., Kriventsov, M., Sataieva, T., & Malygina, V. (2024). Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(16), 8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168946

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Cellular and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Lung Fibrosis Development and the Role of Vitamin D: A Review

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