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Article

Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model

by
Irán M. Cumbres-Vargas
,
Sergio R. Zamudio
,
Luz A. Pichardo-Macías
* and
Eduardo Ramírez-San Juan
*
Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6488; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076488
Submission received: 28 February 2023 / Revised: 23 March 2023 / Accepted: 28 March 2023 / Published: 30 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epilepsy Research and Antiepileptic Drugs)
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Abstract

Thalidomide (TAL) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurological diseases like epilepsy. Both clinical and preclinical studies show that TAL may act as an antiepileptic drug and as a possible treatment against disease development. However, the evidence for these effects is limited. Therefore, the antiepileptogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of TAL were evaluated herein. Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n = 18 per group): control (C); status epilepticus (SE); SE-TAL (25 mg/kg); SE-TAL (50 mg/kg); and SE-topiramate (TOP; 60mg/kg). The lithium-pilocarpine model was used, and one day after SE induction the rats received pharmacological treatment for one week. The brain was obtained, and the hippocampus was micro-dissected 8, 18, and 28 days after SE. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations were quantified. TOP and TAL (50 mg/kg) increased the latency to the first of many spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and decreased SRS frequency, as well as decreasing TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the results showed that both TAL (50 mg/kg) and TOP have anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic effects, possibly by decreasing neuroinflammation.
Keywords: thalidomide; antiepileptogenic; anti-ictogenic; neuroinflammation; temporal lobe epilepsy thalidomide; antiepileptogenic; anti-ictogenic; neuroinflammation; temporal lobe epilepsy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cumbres-Vargas, I.M.; Zamudio, S.R.; Pichardo-Macías, L.A.; Ramírez-San Juan, E. Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 6488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076488

AMA Style

Cumbres-Vargas IM, Zamudio SR, Pichardo-Macías LA, Ramírez-San Juan E. Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(7):6488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076488

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cumbres-Vargas, Irán M., Sergio R. Zamudio, Luz A. Pichardo-Macías, and Eduardo Ramírez-San Juan. 2023. "Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7: 6488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076488

APA Style

Cumbres-Vargas, I. M., Zamudio, S. R., Pichardo-Macías, L. A., & Ramírez-San Juan, E. (2023). Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076488

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