Heterologous VvDREB2c Expression Improves Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Inducing Photoprotective Responses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Target Gene Characterization
2.2. Target Protein Characterization
2.3. Overexpression Analysis
2.3.1. VvDREB2c Expression
2.3.2. Plant Phenotype
2.3.3. Heat Tolerance
2.3.4. Hormone Levels
2.3.5. Photoprotection Response
2.4. RNA-Seq
3. Discussion
3.1. Gene and Protein Characterization
3.2. The Role of VvDREB2c in Plant Heat Tolerance
3.3. Heat Tolerance and Photoprotective Ability
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Target Gene Sequencing and Analysis
4.2. Protein Characterization
4.2.1. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.2.2. Bioinformatic Analysis
4.2.3. Subcellular Localization
4.3. Plant Materials and Growing Conditions
4.3.1. Grapevine
4.3.2. Wild-Type Arabidopsis
4.3.3. Transgenic Arabidopsis
4.3.4. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) Histochemical Staining
4.4. High-Temperature Treatment
4.5. Expression Analysis
4.5.1. RNA Extraction and cDNA Generation
4.5.2. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.6. Root Length Test
4.7. Hormone Extraction and Quantification
4.8. Photosynthesis Analysis
4.8.1. Chlorophyll a Quantification
4.8.2. RuBisCO and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) Activity Assay
4.8.3. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component Function | Cis-Acting Element | Number |
---|---|---|
Basic action element | TATA-box | 22 |
CAAT-box | 24 | |
Photoresponse element | Box-4 | 3 |
G-box | 6 | |
GT-1-motif | 1 | |
MRE | 1 | |
ABA response element | AAGAA-motif | 1 |
ABRE | 5 | |
Auxin response element | As-1-bo | 1 |
AuxRR-core | 1 | |
Methyl-JA response element | CGTCA-motif | 1 |
TGACG-motif | 1 | |
Ethylene response element | W-box | 2 |
ERE-box | 2 | |
GAs response element | F-box | 1 |
P-box | 1 | |
SA response element | TCA-element | 5 |
Heat response element | AT-rich-sequence | 1 |
Drought response element | MYB | 5 |
Chilling response element | LTR | 1 |
Stress response element | WRE3 | 2 |
STRE | 1 | |
Damage-inducing element | WUN-motif | 2 |
Response elements involved in defense and stress response | TC-rich repeats | 1 |
Metabolic regulatory elements | O2-site | 1 |
Hypoxia-specific action element | GC-motif | 1 |
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Zha, Q.; Yin, X.; Xi, X.; Jiang, A. Heterologous VvDREB2c Expression Improves Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Inducing Photoprotective Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065989
Zha Q, Yin X, Xi X, Jiang A. Heterologous VvDREB2c Expression Improves Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Inducing Photoprotective Responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(6):5989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065989
Chicago/Turabian StyleZha, Qian, Xiangjing Yin, Xiaojun Xi, and Aili Jiang. 2023. "Heterologous VvDREB2c Expression Improves Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Inducing Photoprotective Responses" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6: 5989. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065989