Effect of Zwitterionic Additive on Electrode Protection through Electrochemical Performances of Anatase TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrode in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Thermogravimetric and DSC Analysis
2.2. Thermogravimetry Coupled with Mass Spectrometric (TG–MS) Analysis
2.3. Flammability of Electrolyte
2.4. Electrochemical Characterization
2.4.1. Galvanostatic Cycling
2.5. Spectroscopy Measurements after Cycling
Vibrational Spectroscopy
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.1.1. Synthetic Procedure for the Zwitterionic Compound
3.2. Apparatus and Procedures
3.2.1. Spectroscopy Measurements (NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis)
3.2.2. Thermal Properties (TG, TG-MS and DSC)
3.2.3. Electrode Material Characterization (XRD and SEM)
3.2.4. Flammability Test
3.2.5. Electrochemical Experiments
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Name | Provenance | Product Number | Purification Method | Final Mass Fraction | Water Content (ppm) b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C2C2imTFSI a | IoLiTech | 174899-88-8 | Vacuum drying | ω ≥ 0.99 | 13 |
LiTFSI c | Sigma Aldrich | 90076-65-6 | Vacuum drying | ω ≥ 0.9995 | - |
1-methylimidazole | Sigma Aldrich | 616-47-7 | - | ω ≥ 0.99 | 18 |
1,4-butane sultone | Sigma Aldrich | 1633-83-6 | - | ω ≥ 0.99 | 20 |
C1C4imSO3 | Synthesized in our laboratory | SLE e, Vacuum drying | ω ≥ 0.99 d | ||
Ti foil | Alfa Aesar | 7440-32-6 | - | ω ≥ 0.995 | - |
NH4F | Sigma Aldrich | 12125-01-8 | - | ω ≥ 0.995 | - |
Glycerol | Sigma Aldrich | 56-81-5 | - | ω ≥ 0.995 | - |
Indium calibration standard | Thermal Analysis Instruments | - | - | ω ≥ 0.9999 | - |
Sapphire specific heat material for hermetic pans | Thermal Analysis Instruments | - | - | ω ≥ 0.9999 | - |
Acetonitrile | Sigma Aldrich | 75-05-8 | - | ω ≥ 0.998 | - |
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Roganović, A.; Vraneš, M.; Cvjetićanin, N.; Chen, X.; Papović, S. Effect of Zwitterionic Additive on Electrode Protection through Electrochemical Performances of Anatase TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrode in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043495
Roganović A, Vraneš M, Cvjetićanin N, Chen X, Papović S. Effect of Zwitterionic Additive on Electrode Protection through Electrochemical Performances of Anatase TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrode in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043495
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoganović, Aleksandra, Milan Vraneš, Nikola Cvjetićanin, Xiaoping Chen, and Snežana Papović. 2023. "Effect of Zwitterionic Additive on Electrode Protection through Electrochemical Performances of Anatase TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrode in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043495