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Article

Development and Evaluation of the Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese (II) Complex: A Potential MRI Contrast Agent

by
Giovanni Reale
1,
Francesca Calderoni
2,
Teresa Ghirardi
3,
Francesca Porto
4,
Federica Illuminati
5,
Lorenza Marvelli
4,
Petra Martini
6,
Licia Uccelli
1,
Eugenia Tonini
2,
Lucia Del Bianco
7,
Federico Spizzo
7,
Martina Capozza
8,
Emiliano Cazzola
9,
Aldo Carnevale
1,
Melchiore Giganti
1,
Alessandro Turra
2,
Juan Esposito
3 and
Alessandra Boschi
4,*
1
Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
2
Medical Physics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy
3
Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL-INFN), National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 35020 Padua, Italy
4
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences , University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
5
Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy
6
Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
7
Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
8
Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
9
IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), 37024 Negrar, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3461; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043461
Submission received: 23 December 2022 / Revised: 31 January 2023 / Accepted: 6 February 2023 / Published: 9 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Materials and Their Various Applications)
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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive powerful modern clinical technique that is extensively used for the high-resolution imaging of soft tissues. To obtain high-definition pictures of tissues or of the whole organism this technique is enhanced by the use of contrast agents. Gadolinium-based contrast agents have an excellent safety profile. However, over the last two decades, some specific concerns have surfaced. Mn(II) has different favorable physicochemical characteristics and a good toxicity profile, which makes it a good alternative to the Gd(III)-based MRI contrast agents currently used in clinics. Mn(II)-disubstituted symmetrical complexes containing dithiocarbamates ligands were prepared under a nitrogen atmosphere. The magnetic measurements on Mn complexes were carried out with MRI phantom measurements at 1.5 T with a clinical magnetic resonance. Relaxivity values, contrast, and stability were evaluated by appropriate sequences. Studies conducted to evaluate the properties of paramagnetic imaging in water using a clinical magnetic resonance showed that the contrast, produced by the complex [Mn(II)(L’)2] × 2H2O (L’ = 1.4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-carbodithioate), is comparable to that produced by gadolinium complexes currently used in medicine as a paramagnetic contrast agent.
Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging; manganese; dithiocarbamates magnetic resonance imaging; manganese; dithiocarbamates

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MDPI and ACS Style

Reale, G.; Calderoni, F.; Ghirardi, T.; Porto, F.; Illuminati, F.; Marvelli, L.; Martini, P.; Uccelli, L.; Tonini, E.; Del Bianco, L.; et al. Development and Evaluation of the Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese (II) Complex: A Potential MRI Contrast Agent. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043461

AMA Style

Reale G, Calderoni F, Ghirardi T, Porto F, Illuminati F, Marvelli L, Martini P, Uccelli L, Tonini E, Del Bianco L, et al. Development and Evaluation of the Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese (II) Complex: A Potential MRI Contrast Agent. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043461

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reale, Giovanni, Francesca Calderoni, Teresa Ghirardi, Francesca Porto, Federica Illuminati, Lorenza Marvelli, Petra Martini, Licia Uccelli, Eugenia Tonini, Lucia Del Bianco, and et al. 2023. "Development and Evaluation of the Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese (II) Complex: A Potential MRI Contrast Agent" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043461

APA Style

Reale, G., Calderoni, F., Ghirardi, T., Porto, F., Illuminati, F., Marvelli, L., Martini, P., Uccelli, L., Tonini, E., Del Bianco, L., Spizzo, F., Capozza, M., Cazzola, E., Carnevale, A., Giganti, M., Turra, A., Esposito, J., & Boschi, A. (2023). Development and Evaluation of the Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese (II) Complex: A Potential MRI Contrast Agent. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043461

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