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Article

Definition and Quantification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Targets to Phenotype Pre-Eclampsia Subtypes: An Exploratory Study

by
Sammy Hermans
1,
Jacob Pilon
1,
Dennis Eschweiler
2,
Johannes Stegmaier
2,
Carmen A. H. Severens–Rijvers
3,
Salwan Al-Nasiry
4,
Marc van Zandvoort
5,6 and
Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
1,7,*
1
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
3
Pathology, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
4
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
5
Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, GROW, CARIM, MHeNS, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
6
Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
7
Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research IZKF, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3240; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043240
Submission received: 21 December 2022 / Revised: 27 January 2023 / Accepted: 31 January 2023 / Published: 7 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques in Reproductive Medicine Research 2.0)
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Abstract

Pre-eclampsia is a severe placenta-related complication of pregnancy with limited early diagnostic and therapeutic options. Aetiological knowledge is controversial, and there is no universal consensus on what constitutes the early and late phenotypes of pre-eclampsia. Phenotyping of native placental three-dimensional (3D) morphology offers a novel approach to improve our understanding of the structural placental abnormalities in pre-eclampsia. Healthy and pre-eclamptic placental tissues were imaged with multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Imaging based on inherent signal (collagen, and cytoplasm) and fluorescent staining (nuclei, and blood vessels) enabled the visualization of placental villous tissue with subcellular resolution. Images were analysed with a combination of open source (FIJI, VMTK, Stardist, MATLAB, DBSCAN), and commercially (MATLAB) available software. Trophoblast organization, 3D-villous tree structure, syncytial knots, fibrosis, and 3D-vascular networks were identified as quantifiable imaging targets. Preliminary data indicate increased syncytial knot density with characteristic elongated shape, higher occurrence of paddle-like villous sprouts, abnormal villous volume-to-surface ratio, and decreased vascular density in pre-eclampsia compared to control placentas. The preliminary data presented indicate the potential of quantifying 3D microscopic images for identifying different morphological features and phenotyping pre-eclampsia in placental villous tissue.
Keywords: placenta; multiphoton microscopy; pre-eclampsia; quantification placenta; multiphoton microscopy; pre-eclampsia; quantification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hermans, S.; Pilon, J.; Eschweiler, D.; Stegmaier, J.; Severens–Rijvers, C.A.H.; Al-Nasiry, S.; van Zandvoort, M.; Kapsokalyvas, D. Definition and Quantification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Targets to Phenotype Pre-Eclampsia Subtypes: An Exploratory Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043240

AMA Style

Hermans S, Pilon J, Eschweiler D, Stegmaier J, Severens–Rijvers CAH, Al-Nasiry S, van Zandvoort M, Kapsokalyvas D. Definition and Quantification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Targets to Phenotype Pre-Eclampsia Subtypes: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(4):3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043240

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hermans, Sammy, Jacob Pilon, Dennis Eschweiler, Johannes Stegmaier, Carmen A. H. Severens–Rijvers, Salwan Al-Nasiry, Marc van Zandvoort, and Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas. 2023. "Definition and Quantification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Targets to Phenotype Pre-Eclampsia Subtypes: An Exploratory Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4: 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043240

APA Style

Hermans, S., Pilon, J., Eschweiler, D., Stegmaier, J., Severens–Rijvers, C. A. H., Al-Nasiry, S., van Zandvoort, M., & Kapsokalyvas, D. (2023). Definition and Quantification of Three-Dimensional Imaging Targets to Phenotype Pre-Eclampsia Subtypes: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043240

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