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Article

Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3

by
Christa Kanstrup
1,
Claire C. Jimidar
2,†,
Josip Tomas
3,†,
Giuliano Cutolo
3,
Christoph Crocoll
1,
Marie Schuler
3,
Philipp Klahn
2,4,
Arnaud Tatibouët
3 and
Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
1,*
1
DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
2
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Carolo Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
3
Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Université d’Orléans, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France
4
Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020920
Submission received: 31 October 2022 / Revised: 2 December 2022 / Accepted: 23 December 2022 / Published: 4 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advancement in Membrane Transport Proteins)
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Abstract

The glucosinolate transporters 1/2/3 (GTR1/2/3) from the Nitrate and Peptide transporter Family (NPF) play an essential role in the transport, accumulation, and distribution of the specialized plant metabolite glucosinolates. Due to representing both antinutritional and health-promoting compounds, there is increasing interest in characterizing GTRs from various plant species. We generated seven artificial glucosinolates (either aliphatic or benzenic) bearing different fluorophores (Fluorescein, BODIPY, Rhodamine, Dansylamide, and NBD) and investigated the ability of GTR1/2/3 from Arabidopsis thaliana to import the fluorescent glucosinolates (F-GSLs) into oocytes from Xenopus laevis. Five out of the seven F-GSLs synthesized were imported by at least one of the GTRs. GTR1 and GTR2 were able to import three F-GSLs actively above external concentration, while GTR3 imported only one actively. Competition assays indicate that the F-GSLs are transported by the same mechanism as non-tagged natural glucosinolates. The GTR-mediated F-GSL uptake is detected via a rapid and sensitive assay only requiring simple fluorescence measurements on a standard plate reader. This is highly useful in investigations of glucosinolate transport function and provides a critical prerequisite for elucidating the relationship between structure and function through high-throughput screening of GTR mutant libraries. The F-GSL themselves may also be suitable for future studies on glucosinolate transport in vivo.
Keywords: glucosinolate transporters; GTR; fluorescent glucosinolates; fluorescent substrates glucosinolate transporters; GTR; fluorescent glucosinolates; fluorescent substrates

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kanstrup, C.; Jimidar, C.C.; Tomas, J.; Cutolo, G.; Crocoll, C.; Schuler, M.; Klahn, P.; Tatibouët, A.; Nour-Eldin, H.H. Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020920

AMA Style

Kanstrup C, Jimidar CC, Tomas J, Cutolo G, Crocoll C, Schuler M, Klahn P, Tatibouët A, Nour-Eldin HH. Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020920

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kanstrup, Christa, Claire C. Jimidar, Josip Tomas, Giuliano Cutolo, Christoph Crocoll, Marie Schuler, Philipp Klahn, Arnaud Tatibouët, and Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin. 2023. "Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020920

APA Style

Kanstrup, C., Jimidar, C. C., Tomas, J., Cutolo, G., Crocoll, C., Schuler, M., Klahn, P., Tatibouët, A., & Nour-Eldin, H. H. (2023). Artificial Fluorescent Glucosinolates (F-GSLs) Are Transported by the Glucosinolate Transporters GTR1/2/3. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020920

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