Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Risk Factors for HCC
2.1. Risk Factors for HCC in the General Population Focusing on Hepatitis Virus and Fatty Liver Disease
2.2. Risk Factors for HCC in the Thalassemia Group Focusing on Hepatitis Virus and Fatty Liver Disease
2.3. Risk Factors for HCC in the Thalassemia Group Focusing on Iron Overload
3. Pathogenesis of Viral Infection and NAFLD with HCC
3.1. HBV/HCV-Associated HCC
3.2. NAFLD/NASH-Associated HCC
4. Pathogenesis of Iron Overload and HCC
4.1. Iron and Inflammation
4.2. Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4.3. Hepcidin and Ferriportin
5. Management
5.1. Management of Iron Overload
5.2. Management of HCC
6. Prognosis
7. Surveillance
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, P.-C.; Hsu, W.-Y.; Lee, P.-Y.; Hsu, S.-H.; Chiou, S.-S. Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612654
Lin P-C, Hsu W-Y, Lee P-Y, Hsu S-H, Chiou S-S. Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(16):12654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612654
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Pei-Chin, Wan-Yi Hsu, Po-Yi Lee, Shih-Hsien Hsu, and Shyh-Shin Chiou. 2023. "Insights into Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Thalassemia: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16: 12654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612654