Cell Therapy Based on Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix for Root Coverage of RT1 Gingival Lesions: An In Vivo Experimental Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cell Expansion and Differentiation
2.2. Histological Observations
2.2.1. Two Weeks of Healing
2.2.2. Six Weeks of Healing
2.3. Histometric Analysis
- M: The most coronal marginal mucosa;
- aJE: The most apical extent of the junctional epithelium;
- cC: The most coronal extent of the cementum;
- cN: The most apical portion of the coronal notch at the gingival margin level;
- aN: The most apical portion of the apical notch;
- Bc: The most coronal level of the Bc.
Outcome Variable | Healing Period | CAF (n = 14) | CAF+CMX (n = 14) | CAF+CMX+GMSCs (n = 13) | CAF+CMX+FBs (n = 14) | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M–aJE in mm, mean (SD) | 2 wk | 4.97 (1.45) | 4.37 (1.55) | 5.32 (1.49) | 4.87 (1.90) | 0.766 ‡ |
6 wk | 3.51 (2.09) | 3.24 (1.47) | 3.91 (2.29) | 4.57 (1.19) | 0.593 ‡ | |
cN–M in mm, mean (SD) | 2 wk | 2.54 (0.92) * | 0.61 (1.09) * | 1.31 (0.54) | 1.09 (0.72) * | 0.003 ‡ |
6 wk | 0.93 (0.82) | 1.02 (0.99) | 0.88 (1.94) | 1.22 (0.56) | 0.950 ‡ | |
aN–aJE in mm, mean (SD) | 2 wk | 1.62 (3.44) | 0.61 (1.20) | −0.031 (0.062) | 0.96 (1.25) | 0.177 † |
6 wk | 1.52 (1.59) | 1.69 (0.99) | 1.46 (1.04) | 1.30 (2.13) | 0.498 ‡ | |
aN–cC in mm, mean (SD) | 2 wk | 0.08 (0.21) | 0.59 (1.21) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.09 (0.72) | 0.701 † |
6 wk | 1.43 (1.58) | 1.58 (1.07) | 1.35 (1.17) | 0.40 (0.65) | 0.252 ‡ | |
aN–Bc in mm, mean (SD) | 2 wk | −0.48 (0.61) | −0.41 (0.84) | −0.50 (0.75) | −0.034 (1.11) | 0.825 † |
6 wk | −0.14 (0.62) | −0.018 (0.99) | −0.207 (0.50) | 0.03 (0.74) | 0.948 ‡ |
2.3.1. Epithelial Length (M–aJE)
2.3.2. Histological Root Coverage (cN–M)
2.3.3. Length of the Connective Tissue Attachment (aN–aJe)
2.3.4. Length of Newly Formed Cementum (aN–cC)
2.3.5. Dimensions of New Bone (aN–Bc)
2.4. Clinical Observations
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Randomization
4.2. Experimental Sample
4.3. Treatment Protocols
4.3.1. Phase 1: Tooth Extraction and Cell Isolation
4.3.2. Phase 2: Experimental Dehiscence-Type Defects
4.3.3. Phase 3. Root Coverage Surgeries
4.3.4. Phase 4: Euthanasia
4.4. Histological Processing
4.5. Histological and Histometric Analysis
4.6. Clinical Evaluation
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Treatment Group | Mean | SD | 95% CI of the Difference | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
CAF | 2.00 | 1.10 | 1.35 | 2.64 | 0.000 # |
CAF+CMX | 0.92 | 1.14 | 0.26 | 1.58 | 0.009 # |
CAF+CMX+GMSCs | 1.46 | 1.65 | 0.50 | 2.42 | 0.006 # |
CAF+CMX+FBs | 1.53 | 0.88 | 1.02 | 2.04 | 0.000 # |
Appendix B
Recession Reduction 0–6 Weeks (%) | CAF | CAF+CMX | CAF+CMX+GMSC | CAF+CMX+FBs | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥1 mm | 86 | 43 | 71 | 86 | 0.241 |
≥2 mm | 0 | 29 | 57 | 14 | 0.086 |
Appendix C
Variable | Upper Canine (n = 14) | Upper 2nd Incisor (n = 13) | Lower 1st Molar (n = 14) | Lower Canine (n = 14) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recession length in mm mean (SD) | 0.25 (0.58) | 0.42 (0.53) | 0.35 (0.49) | 0.71 (0.87) | 0.358 † |
RecRed in mm mean (SD) | |||||
Baseline–2 weeks | 2.35 (1.31) | 1.08 (1.11) | 1.71 (1.28) | 2.28 (1.46) | 0.295 ‡ |
Baseline–6 weeks | 1.35 (1.54) | 0.92 (0.53) | 1.5 (0.70) | 0.78 (1.25) | 0.572 ‡ |
Root coverage in % mean (SD) | |||||
Baseline–2 weeks | 96.66 (8.16) | 50.00 (63.24) | 92.85 (18.89) | 79.76 (34.64) | 0.330 † |
Baseline–6 weeks | 72.42 (48.79) | 72.61 (40.45) | 67.38 (34.61) | 28.57 (85.91) | 0.508 † |
Specimens with CRC in % | |||||
2 weeks | 83.3 | 50 | 85.7 | 71.4 | 0.471 # |
6 weeks | 71.4 | 57.1 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 0.275 # |
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Variable | CAF (n = 14) | CAF+CMX (n = 14) | CAF+CMX+GMSCs (n = 13) | CAF+CMX+FBs (n = 14) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recession length in mm mean (SD) | |||||
Baseline | 2.28 (0.97) | 1.60 (0.88) | 2.07 (1.26) | 1.89 (0.81) | 0.289 † |
2 weeks | 0 | 0.57 (0.67) | 0.25 (0.41) | 0.14 (0.37) | 0.095 † |
6 weeks | 0.57 (0.60) | 0.78 (0.69) | 0.57 (0.93) | 0.57 (0.83) | 0.816 † |
RecRed in mm mean (SD) | |||||
Baseline–2 weeks | 2.85 (0.89) | 1.07 (1.39) | 1.75 (1.54) | 1.85 (1.02) | 0.085 ‡ |
Baseline–6 weeks | 1.14 (0.37) | 0.78 (0.90) | 1.42 (1.88) | 1.21 (0.63) | 0.749 ‡ |
Root coverage in % mean (SD) | |||||
Baseline–2 weeks | 100 (0.0) | 46.42 (58,50) | 82.66 (28.90) | 92.85 (18.89) | 0.062 † |
Baseline–6 weeks | 72.61 (28.34) | 45.23 (45.86) | 47.14 (94.28) | 75.00 (38.18) | 0.586 † |
Specimens with CRC in % | |||||
2 weeks | 100 | 42.9 | 60 | 85.7 | 0.077 * |
6 weeks | 42.9 | 28.6 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 0.664 * |
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Sanchez, N.; Vignoletti, F.; Sanz-Martin, I.; Coca, A.; Nuñez, J.; Maldonado, E.; Sanz-Esporrin, J.; Hernando-Pradíes, I.; Santamaría, S.; Herrera, D.; et al. Cell Therapy Based on Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix for Root Coverage of RT1 Gingival Lesions: An In Vivo Experimental Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063248
Sanchez N, Vignoletti F, Sanz-Martin I, Coca A, Nuñez J, Maldonado E, Sanz-Esporrin J, Hernando-Pradíes I, Santamaría S, Herrera D, et al. Cell Therapy Based on Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix for Root Coverage of RT1 Gingival Lesions: An In Vivo Experimental Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(6):3248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063248
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanchez, Nerea, Fabio Vignoletti, Ignacio Sanz-Martin, Alejandro Coca, Javier Nuñez, Estela Maldonado, Javier Sanz-Esporrin, Irene Hernando-Pradíes, Silvia Santamaría, David Herrera, and et al. 2022. "Cell Therapy Based on Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in a Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix for Root Coverage of RT1 Gingival Lesions: An In Vivo Experimental Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6: 3248. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063248