Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces p38 MAPK-Initiated, Fas-Mediated Eryptosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CSE Induces Oxidative Stress-Independent Eryptosis
2.2. CSE Induces Eryptosis through Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
2.3. CSE-Induced Eryptosis Requires Caspase-8-Mediated Ceramide Formation
2.4. CSE-Induced Extrinsic Eryptosis Is Initiated via p38 MAPK
2.5. Ex Vivo Analysis of Erythrocytes from Smokers
3. Discussion
Study Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of CSE
4.2. RBCs and Treatment
4.3. Haemolysis
4.4. Flow Cytometry
4.4.1. Measurement of PS Externalization and FSC
4.4.2. Measurement of Intracellular ROS
4.4.3. Measurement of Intracellular GSH
4.4.4. Measurement of Intracellular Calcium
4.4.5. Measurement of Ceramide
4.5. Immunoprecipitation
4.6. Western Blotting
4.7. Cross-Linking Reaction by (3,3′-Dithiobis (Sulfosuccinimidyl Propionate)) DTSSP
4.8. Ex Vivo Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Restivo, I.; Attanzio, A.; Giardina, I.C.; Di Gaudio, F.; Tesoriere, L.; Allegra, M. Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces p38 MAPK-Initiated, Fas-Mediated Eryptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314730
Restivo I, Attanzio A, Giardina IC, Di Gaudio F, Tesoriere L, Allegra M. Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces p38 MAPK-Initiated, Fas-Mediated Eryptosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314730
Chicago/Turabian StyleRestivo, Ignazio, Alessandro Attanzio, Ilenia Concetta Giardina, Francesca Di Gaudio, Luisa Tesoriere, and Mario Allegra. 2022. "Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces p38 MAPK-Initiated, Fas-Mediated Eryptosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314730