Rubella Virus Triggers Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Cultured Human Neural Cells: Involvement in the Control of Viral Gene Expression and Infectious Progeny Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. RuV Infects Cultured Human Neural Cells and Induces IFN-β Production
2.2. RuV Infection Induces STAT1 Activation and ISGs Expression in Human Neural Cells
2.3. Anti-IFN-α/β Receptor Neutralizing Antibody Attenuates RuV-Induced Expression of ISGs
2.4. MDA5 Is Required for RuV-Triggered IFN-β Induction in U373MG Cells
2.5. Knockdown of MAVS Attenuates Innate Immune Responses against RuV Infection
2.6. BX-795, a TBK1/IKKε Inhibitor, Abrogates the RuV-Triggered Innate Immune Response and Augments the Production of Infectious Progeny Virions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and Virus
4.2. Reagents and Plasmids
4.3. RNA Extraction and RT-PCR
4.4. Immunoblotting Assay
4.5. Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay
4.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.7. Interferon α/β Receptor Neutralization Assay
4.8. Lentiviral shRNA Transduction
4.9. BX-795 Treatment
4.10. Small Interfering RNA Transfection
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sakuragi, S.; Liao, H.; Yajima, K.; Fujiwara, S.; Nakamura, H. Rubella Virus Triggers Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Cultured Human Neural Cells: Involvement in the Control of Viral Gene Expression and Infectious Progeny Production. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179799
Sakuragi S, Liao H, Yajima K, Fujiwara S, Nakamura H. Rubella Virus Triggers Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Cultured Human Neural Cells: Involvement in the Control of Viral Gene Expression and Infectious Progeny Production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(17):9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179799
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakuragi, Sayuri, Huanan Liao, Kodai Yajima, Shigeyoshi Fujiwara, and Hiroyuki Nakamura. 2022. "Rubella Virus Triggers Type I Interferon Antiviral Response in Cultured Human Neural Cells: Involvement in the Control of Viral Gene Expression and Infectious Progeny Production" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17: 9799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179799