Increased Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Chemical Sensitivity to Perfluoro–Octanoic Acid: Role of Impaired Platelet Aggregation
by
Luca De Toni 1,†, Claudia Maria Radu 2,3,†
, Iva Sabovic 1, Andrea Di Nisio 1, Stefano Dall’Acqua 4, Diego Guidolin 5, Salvatore Spampinato 6, Elena Campello 2, Paolo Simioni 2 and Carlo Foresta 1,*
Luca De Toni 1,†, Claudia Maria Radu 2,3,†, Iva Sabovic 1, Andrea Di Nisio 1, Stefano Dall’Acqua 4, Diego Guidolin 5, Salvatore Spampinato 6, Elena Campello 2, Paolo Simioni 2 and Carlo Foresta 1,*
1
Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
2
Department of Medicine, Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
3
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
4
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
5
Department of Neuroscience, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
6
Fondazione Foresta ONLUS, 35128 Padova, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(2), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020399
Received: 27 November 2019 / Revised: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 3 January 2020 / Published: 8 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Sensitivity Illnesses: Mechanisms and Molecular Signatures)
Perfluoro–alkyl substances (PFAS), particularly perfluoro–octanoic acid (PFOA), are persisting environmental chemicals showing bioaccumulation in human tissues. Recently, exposure to PFAS has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, a causal role of PFAS in atherosclerosis pathogenesis is under-investigated. Here, we investigated the effect of PFOA exposure on platelets’ function, a key player in atherosclerosis process. PFOA accumulation in platelets was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Changes in platelets’ membrane fluidity and activation after dose-dependent exposure to PFOA were evaluated by merocyanine 540 (MC540) and anti P-Selectin immune staining at flow cytometry, respectively. Intracellular calcium trafficking was analyzed with Fluo4M probe, time-lapse live imaging. Platelets’ aggregation state was also evaluated with Multiplate® aggregometry analyzer in 48 male subjects living in a specific area of the Veneto region with high PFAS environmental pollution, and compared with 30 low-exposure control subjects. Platelets’ membrane was the major target of PFOA, whose dose-dependent accumulation was associated in turn with increased membrane fluidity, as expected by a computational model; increased activation at resting condition; and both calcium uptake and aggregation upon activation. Finally, exposed subjects had higher serum and platelets levels of PFOA, together with increased aggregation parameters at Multiplate®, compared with controls. These data help to explain the emerging association between PFAS exposure and CVD.
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Keywords:
perfluoro–alkyl substances; cardiovascular diseases; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, membrane fluidity, platelets’ aggregation
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MDPI and ACS Style
De Toni, L.; Radu, C.M.; Sabovic, I.; Di Nisio, A.; Dall’Acqua, S.; Guidolin, D.; Spampinato, S.; Campello, E.; Simioni, P.; Foresta, C. Increased Cardiovascular Risk Associated with Chemical Sensitivity to Perfluoro–Octanoic Acid: Role of Impaired Platelet Aggregation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 399.
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