Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors—Evidence and Plausibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Gastric Neoplasia
2.2. Renal Disease
2.3. Fracture Risk
2.4. Dementia
2.5. Liver Disease
2.6. Micronutrient Deficiency
2.6.1. Vitamin B12
2.6.2. Calcium
2.6.3. Iron
2.6.4. Magnesium
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AIN | Acute interstitial nephritis |
BMD | Bone mineral density |
CCKB | Cholecystokinin B |
CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
CTX | carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks |
ECL | Enterochromaffin-like |
eGFR | Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
GI | Gastrointestinal |
H1RA | Histamine 1 receptor antagonist |
H2RA | Histamine 2 receptor antagonist |
HE | Hepatic encephalopathy |
H. pylori | Helicobacter pylori |
HR | Hazard ratio |
NET | Neuroendocrine tumour |
NSAID | Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug |
OR | Odds ratio |
P1NP | procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide |
PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
PPI | Proton pump inhibitor |
RR | Relative risk |
SBP | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Fossmark, R.; Martinsen, T.C.; Waldum, H.L. Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors—Evidence and Plausibility. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205203
Fossmark R, Martinsen TC, Waldum HL. Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors—Evidence and Plausibility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205203
Chicago/Turabian StyleFossmark, Reidar, Tom C. Martinsen, and Helge L. Waldum. 2019. "Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors—Evidence and Plausibility" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205203