Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Validity Provisions
3. The Molecular Mechanism in Animals that Mimic Human Depression
4. Depression Modeling Approaches
4.1. Reserpine-Induced Model
4.2. Learned Helplessness Model
4.3. Chronic Mild Stress Model
4.4. Social Defeat Stress Model
4.5. Other Models
5. Behavioral Tests
5.1. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
5.2. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
5.3. Open-Field Test (OFT)
5.4. Sucrose Preference Test (SPT)
5.5. Other Behavioral Tests
6. Potential Treatments forAnimal Models of Depression
7. Combining Animal Models of Depression
8. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depression Modeling Approaches | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Reserpine-induced model | 1. Medium predictive validity 2. Less time-consuming 3. Distinguishes different pharmacological effects | 1. High mortality rate 2. Low construct validity |
Learned helplessness model | 1. High construct and face validity 2. Covers almost all depression symptoms 3. Imitates neural circuit alterations of depression 4. Benefits genetic investigations | 1. Short depression duration 2. Easily affected by subjective impacts 3. Different species effects |
Chronic mild stress model | 1. Great face, construct, and predictive validity 2. Benefits the selection of optimal antidepressants 3. Measures anhedonia 4. Helps to find risk factors of depression | 1. Can waste resources and labor 2. High mortality rate 3. Easily affected by environmental impacts |
Social defeat stress model | 1. Great face, construct, and predictive validity 2. Manifests social interaction 3. Shorter modeling duration | 1. Can be confused with anxiety 2. Cannot model female animals |
Behavioral tests | ||
Forced swimming test (FST) | 1. Cheap and fast 2. Highly automated 3. Broad spectrum for antidepressants 4. High predictive validity | 1. High mortality rate 2. Cannot evaluate the etiologic mechanism 3. The immobility time of the forced swimming test (IMFST) measure is insufficiently precise |
Tail suspension test (TST) | 1. An effective test 2. Low expenditure and man power requirements 3. A supplement to the FST 4. Applies to both mice and rats | 1. Incomplete persuasion protocol 2. Excessive pharmacodynamic effect of antidepressants |
Open-field test (OFT) | 1. Effective and convenient 2. Less harm to animals 3. Great predictive effect for therapeutic similarity 4. Can detect fear and despair | 1. More time-consuming 2. Insufficiently accurate 3. Sensitive to alterations in the environment |
Sucrose preference test (SPT) | 1. Can manifest anhedonia 2. Less harm to animals 3. Great for investigating other comorbidities | 1. A time-consuming test to prepare 2. Low accuracy |
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Hao, Y.; Ge, H.; Sun, M.; Gao, Y. Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194827
Hao Y, Ge H, Sun M, Gao Y. Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194827
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao, Yuanzhen, Huixiang Ge, Mengyun Sun, and Yun Gao. 2019. "Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194827