Synthesis Mechanism of Low-Voltage Praseodymium Oxide Doped Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Prepared Through Modified Citrate Gel Coating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Improve distribution of dopants and facilitate diffusion of additives on ZnO grains by encouraging contact during precursor preparation [14].
- Improve grain size consistency by controlling the formation of ultrafine grains and abnormal grain growth [13].
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical, Thermal and Microstructure Analysis of Precursor Powder
2.1.1. ATR-FTIR
2.1.2. TG/DTG
2.1.3. XRD
2.1.4. FESEM
2.2. Microstructure and Electrical Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics
2.2.1. XRD
2.2.2. FESEM
2.2.3. I-V Characteristics
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Precursor Powder and Ceramics
3.3. Characterizations
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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Pr6O11 (mol %) | ρrel (%) | d (μm) | α1 | α2 | Eb (V/mm) | Vgb (V) | JL (μA/cm2) | ϕB (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2 | 98.8 | 5.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 0.06 | 695 | 0.64 |
0.4 | 95.0 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 0.03 | 766 | 0.60 |
0.8 | 98.6 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.01 | 698 | 0.56 |
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Wan Abdullah, W.R.; Zakaria, A.; Ghazali, M.S.M. Synthesis Mechanism of Low-Voltage Praseodymium Oxide Doped Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Prepared Through Modified Citrate Gel Coating. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 5278-5289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13045278
Wan Abdullah WR, Zakaria A, Ghazali MSM. Synthesis Mechanism of Low-Voltage Praseodymium Oxide Doped Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Prepared Through Modified Citrate Gel Coating. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(4):5278-5289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13045278
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan Abdullah, Wan Rafizah, Azmi Zakaria, and Mohd Sabri Mohd Ghazali. 2012. "Synthesis Mechanism of Low-Voltage Praseodymium Oxide Doped Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics Prepared Through Modified Citrate Gel Coating" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 4: 5278-5289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13045278