Applications of Microwave in Organic Synthesis: An Improved One-step Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanines and a New Modified Microwave Oven for Dry Reactions
Abstract
:Introduction
Results and Discussion
Synthesis of metallophthalocyanines from phthalodinitrile
Choice of the mode of irradiation in the formation of Pc(Cu)
Microwave Irradiation Sources | Time (min) | Power (W) | Yield (%) |
microwave oven (commercial) | 10 | 560 | 92 |
modified microwave oven | 10 | 480 | 98 |
resonance cavity | 10 | 80 | 94 |
- -
- a better distribution and uniformity of the microwave irradiation
- -
- a mixing of solid reactants during the activation with microwave irradiation.
- -
- possibility of working under controlled atmospheres (nitrogen) and avoiding hot points.
Synthesis of metallophthalocyanines from phthalic anhydrides
Conclusions
Experimental
General procedures
- 1)
- Irradiation with a commercial multimode microwave oven (Method A)
- 2)
- Irradiation with a modified multimode microwave oven (Method B)
- 3)
- Irradiation in a resonance cavity (focused irradiation) (Method C)
From phthalic anhydride: General procedure
From tetrachlorophthalic anhydride:
From tetrafluorophthalic anhydride:
References and Notes
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Villemin, D.; Hammadi, M.; Hachemi, M.; Bar, N. Applications of Microwave in Organic Synthesis: An Improved One-step Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanines and a New Modified Microwave Oven for Dry Reactions. Molecules 2001, 6, 831-844. https://doi.org/10.3390/61000831
Villemin D, Hammadi M, Hachemi M, Bar N. Applications of Microwave in Organic Synthesis: An Improved One-step Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanines and a New Modified Microwave Oven for Dry Reactions. Molecules. 2001; 6(10):831-844. https://doi.org/10.3390/61000831
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillemin, Didier, Mohamed Hammadi, Messaoud Hachemi, and Nathalie Bar. 2001. "Applications of Microwave in Organic Synthesis: An Improved One-step Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanines and a New Modified Microwave Oven for Dry Reactions" Molecules 6, no. 10: 831-844. https://doi.org/10.3390/61000831