Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Composition
2.2. Antibacterial Activity
2.3. Anti-inflammatory Activity
2.4. Enzyme Inhibitory Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Isolation of Essential Oil
3.3. Essential Oil Analysis and Identification
3.4. Antibacterial Activity
3.5. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
3.6. Enzyme Inhibitory Activities
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compounds a | RI b | RI c | RT (min) d | % Area | Identification e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Octane | 800 | 800 | 7.076 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Tricyclene | 926 | 925 | 11.109 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
α-Thujene | 928 | 929 | 11.205 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
α-Pinene | 936 | 937 | 11.575 | 2.5 | MS, RI |
Camphene | 952 | 952 | 12.275 | 3.4 | MS, RI |
Sabinene | 976 | 974 | 13.32 | 0.6 | MS, RI |
β-Pinene | 981 | 979 | 13.559 | 0.5 | MS, RI |
β-Myrcene | 991 | 991 | 13.991 | 0.7 | MS, RI |
α-Phellandrene | 1008 | 1005 | 14.844 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
α-Terpinene | 1020 | 1017 | 15.483 | tr e | MS, RI |
p-Cymene | 1027 | 1022 | 15.926 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
1,8-Cineole | 1038 | 1032 | 16.495 | 47.6 | MS, RI |
β-Ocimene | 1047 | 1037 | 17.055 | tr e | MS, RI |
γ-Terpinene | 1061 | 1060 | 17.793 | 0.2 | MS, RI |
trans-4-Thujanol | 1069 | 1070 | 18.279 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Terpinolene | 1092 | 1088 | 19.551 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Linalool | 1101 | 1099 | 20.085 | 1.5 | MS, RI |
(+)-2-Bornanone | 1149 | 1144 | 23.128 | 0.2 | MS, RI |
Citronellal | 1153 | 1152 | 23.4 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Borneol | 1173 | 1167 | 24.616 | 15.0 | MS, RI |
4-Terpineol | 1182 | 1177 | 25.187 | 0.9 | MS, RI |
α-Terpineol | 1195 | 1190 | 26.033 | 2.7 | MS, RI |
Bornyl formate | 1234 | 1226 | 28.544 | 7.6 | MS, RI |
Bornyl acetate | 1290 | 1285 | 32.155 | 1.3 | MS, RI |
Eugenol | 1361 | 1357 | 36.701 | 0.4 | MS, RI |
Methyleugenol | 1409 | 1402 | 39.765 | 11.2 | MS, RI |
α-Curcumene | 1487 | 1483 | 44.524 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Methylisoeugenol | 1499 | 1495 | 45.296 | 0.5 | MS, RI |
β-Bisabolene | 1513 | 1509 | 46.073 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Sesquicineole | 1519 | 1516 | 46.436 | tr e | MS, RI |
δ-Cadinene | 1529 | 1524 | 47.007 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
2-(3-Isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-vinylcyclohexyl)-2-propanol | 1555 | 1549 | 48.574 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
(-)-Spathulenol | 1586 | 1577 | 50.354 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
β-Eudesmol | 1660 | 1649 | 54.505 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Ambrial | 1815 | 1809 | 60.969 | 0.1 | MS, RI |
Total identified | 98.3 |
Bacterial Strains a | EO | Streptomycin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIZ b (mm) | MIC c (mg/mL) | MBC c (mg/mL) | DIZ b (mm) | MIC c (μg/mL) | MBC c (μg/mL) | |
Gram positive | ||||||
S. aureus | 9.78 ± 0.79 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 18.58 ± 0.41 | 0.78 | 1.56 |
E. faecalis | 8.66 ± 0.80 | 6.25 | 6.25 | 7.34 ± 0.38 | 12.50 | 25.00 |
B. subtilis | 10.54 ± 1.25 | 3.13 | 6.25 | 18.05 ± 1.56 | 0.39 | 0.78 |
Gram negative | ||||||
E. coli | 9.01 ± 0.59 | 6.25 | 12.50 | 18.71 ± 0.64 | 0.78 | 1.56 |
P. aeruginosa | 7.29 ± 0.14 | 6.25 | 12.50 | 9.97 ± 0.63 | 3.13 | 12.50 |
P. vulgaris | 10.56 ± 0.92 | 3.13 | 6.25 | 15.71 ± 0.77 | 0.39 | 1.56 |
Samples | Enzyme Inhibitory Activity (IC50, mg/mL) 1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
α-Glucosidase | Tyrosinase | Acetylcholinesterase | Butyrylcholinesterase | |
EO | 11.60 ± 0.25 a | 53.71 ± 4.89 a | 1.03 ± 0.18 a | 104.22 ± 11.61 a |
Acarbose | 0.21 ± 0.01 b | |||
Arbutin | 0.24 ± 0.06 b | |||
Galanthamine * | 0.46 ± 0.04 b | 5.68 ± 0.41 b |
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Zhao, X.; Chen, Q.; Lu, T.; Wei, F.; Yang, Y.; Xie, D.; Wang, H.; Tian, M. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome. Molecules 2021, 26, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010167
Zhao X, Chen Q, Lu T, Wei F, Yang Y, Xie D, Wang H, Tian M. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome. Molecules. 2021; 26(1):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010167
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Xiaoge, Qi Chen, Tingya Lu, Feng Wei, Yao Yang, Dan Xie, Huijuan Wang, and Minyi Tian. 2021. "Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oil from Rhynchanthus beesianus Rhizome" Molecules 26, no. 1: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010167