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Molecules
Volume 23
Issue 1
10.3390/molecules23010123
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Article

Chemical Composition and Evaluation of the Biological Properties of the Essential Oil of the Dietary Phytochemical Lippia citriodora

by
Eleni Fitsiou
1,
Gregoria Mitropoulou
1,
Katerina Spyridopoulou
1,
Manolis Vamvakias
2,
Haido Bardouki
2,
Alex Galanis
1,
Katerina Chlichlia
1,
Yiannis Kourkoutas
1,
Mihalis Ι. Panayiotidis
3,* and
Aglaia Pappa
1,*
1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
2
VIORYL S.A., Chemical & Agricultural Industry, Research S.A., 19014 Afidnes, Greece
3
Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2018, 23(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010123
Received: 8 November 2017 / Revised: 3 January 2018 / Accepted: 7 January 2018 / Published: 12 January 2018
(This article belongs to the Collection Phytochemicals: Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Biological Activities)
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to characterize the chemical composition and biological properties of the essential oil from the plant Lippia citriodora grown in Greece. The essential oil volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC-MS indicating citral as the major component. Τhe antimicrobial properties were assayed using the disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory and non-inhibitory concentration values were determined. Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger were sensitive to Lippia citriodora oil, but not Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas fragi. Adversely, all microbes tested were sensitive to citral. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used to assess direct antioxidant activity, which proved to be weak for both agents, while comet assay was utilized to study the cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in Jurkat cells. Interestingly, the oil showed a more profound cytoprotective effect compared to citral. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in a panel of cancer cell lines using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-S-(phenylamino) carbonyl-2-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assays and both agents demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity with citral being more cytotoxic than the oil. Taken together, the essential oil of Lippia citriodora and its major component, citral, exert diverse biological properties worthy of further investigation. View Full-Text
Keywords: Lippia citriodora; citral; composition; antimicrobial; antioxidant; antiproliferative Lippia citriodora; citral; composition; antimicrobial; antioxidant; antiproliferative
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MDPI and ACS Style

Fitsiou, E.; Mitropoulou, G.; Spyridopoulou, K.; Vamvakias, M.; Bardouki, H.; Galanis, A.; Chlichlia, K.; Kourkoutas, Y.; Panayiotidis, M.Ι.; Pappa, A. Chemical Composition and Evaluation of the Biological Properties of the Essential Oil of the Dietary Phytochemical Lippia citriodora. Molecules 2018, 23, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010123

AMA Style

Fitsiou E, Mitropoulou G, Spyridopoulou K, Vamvakias M, Bardouki H, Galanis A, Chlichlia K, Kourkoutas Y, Panayiotidis MΙ, Pappa A. Chemical Composition and Evaluation of the Biological Properties of the Essential Oil of the Dietary Phytochemical Lippia citriodora. Molecules. 2018; 23(1):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fitsiou, Eleni, Gregoria Mitropoulou, Katerina Spyridopoulou, Manolis Vamvakias, Haido Bardouki, Alex Galanis, Katerina Chlichlia, Yiannis Kourkoutas, Mihalis Ι. Panayiotidis, and Aglaia Pappa. 2018. "Chemical Composition and Evaluation of the Biological Properties of the Essential Oil of the Dietary Phytochemical Lippia citriodora" Molecules 23, no. 1: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010123

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