Development of a Large Set of Microsatellite Markers in Zapote Mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) and Their Potential Use in the Study of the Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Development of Microsatellite Markers
2.2. Genetic Diversity and Founder Effect
Gene Pools | N | A | HO ± SD | HE ± SD | G–W ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wild | 20 | 2.98 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.35 ± 0.20 | 0.49 ± 0.31 |
Cultivated | 9 | 3.00 | 0.39 ± 0.24 | 0.41 ± 0.17 | 0.42 ± 0.32 |
All Mexico | 29 | 2.99 | 0.31 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.21 | 0.46 ± 0.31 |
2.3. Genetic Structure and Cluster Analysis
Populations | AA | JC | NP | PJ | UR | WH | YJ | AT | DZ | OX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA | *** | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.11 |
JC | 3.89 | *** | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.22 |
NP | 14.63 | 3.75 | *** | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.14 |
PJ | 13.70 | 2.61 | 74.10 | *** | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.12 |
UR | 3.93 | 2.25 | 4.40 | 5.90 | *** | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.21 |
WH | 12.20 | 2.79 | 9.71 | 17.98 | 3.61 | *** | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.16 |
YJ | 6.72 | 3.42 | 21.95 | 5.97 | 23.38 | 6.57 | *** | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
AT | 12.00 | 3.21 | 7.79 | 15.18 | 4.10 | 6.16 | 5.44 | *** | 0.08 | 0.06 |
DZ | 8.42 | 2.92 | 5.68 | 8.11 | 2.98 | 3.52 | 3.16 | 5.64 | *** | 0.06 |
OX | 3.95 | 1.75 | 2.99 | 3.55 | 1.87 | 2.53 | 2.14 | 7.06 | 6.92 | *** |
Source of Variation | Degree of Freedom | Sum of Squares | Variance Components | Percentage of Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Among groups (wild and domesticated gene pools) | 1 | 59.848 | 0.99087 Va | 3.82 |
Among populations within groups | 8 | 279.256 | 2.08706 Vb | 8.05 |
Within populations | 48 | 1097.000 | 22.85417 Vc | 88.13 |
Total | 57 | 1436.103 | 25.93210 |
ID | Origin | Accession | Location | Coordinates |
---|---|---|---|---|
PR1 | cultivated | Lorito #2; TARS: 17854 | B-IV, T-2 F-1, Isabela, Puerto Rico | 18°30′47″ N 67°04′12″ W |
PR2 | Cultivated | Pace; TARS: 17866 | B-IV, T-2, F-13, Isabela, Puerto Rico | |
AA1 | wild | (J)_1 | Agua Azul, Mexico | 17°15.494′ N 92°06.824′ W |
AA2 | wild | (J)_2 | Agua Azul, Mexico | |
AA3 | wild | (J)_3 | Agua Azul, Mexico | |
JC1 | wild | (E)_1 | Jose Castillo, Mexico | 17°23.807′ N 91°48.748′ W |
JC3 | wild | (E)_3 | Jose Castillo, Mexico | |
JC5 | wild | (E)_5 | Jose Castillo, Mexico | |
NP7 | wild | (L)_7 | Nueva Palestina, Mexico | 16°57.810′ N 91°37.665′ W |
NP10 | wild | (L)_10 | Nueva Palestina, Mexico | |
NP18 | wild | (L)_18 | Nueva Palestina, Mexico | |
PJ1 | wild | (K)_1 | Penjamo, Mexico | 17°26.041′ N 91°37.665′ W |
PJ3 | wild | (K)_3 | Penjamo, Mexico | |
PJ6 | wild | (K)_6 | Penjamo, Mexico | |
UR21 | wild | (B)_21 | Ursula, Mexico | 17°18.416′ N 92°02.997′ W |
UR25 | wild | (B)_25 | Ursula, Mexico | |
UR30 | wild | (B)_30 | Ursula, Mexico | |
WH21 | wild | (C)_21 | Welib Ha, Mexico | 17°22.521′ N 91°47.893′ W |
WH22 | wild | (C)_22 | Welib Ha, Mexico | |
YJ21 | wild | (A)_21 | Yajalon, Mexico | 17°13.475′ N 92°21.184′ W |
YJ25 | wild | (A)_25 | Yajalon, Mexico | |
YJ30 | wild | (A)_30 | Yajalon, Mexico | |
AT4 | Cultivated | (G)_4 | Atasta, Mexico | 18°36′58.9″ N 92°9′12.13″ W |
AT8 | Cultivated | (G)_8 | Atasta, Mexico | |
AT10 | Cultivated | (G)_10 | Atasta, Mexico | |
DZ21 | Cultivated | (M)_21 | Dzidzantun, Mexico | 21°14′53.5″ N 89°1′59.65″ W |
DZ22 | Cultivated | (M)_22 | Dzidzantun, Mexico | |
DZ23 | Cultivated | (M)_23 | Dzidzantun, Mexico | |
OX10 | Cultivated | (F)_10 | Oxcutzcab, Mexico | 20°18′10″ N 89°25′0″ W |
OX15 | Cultivated | (F)_15 | Oxcutzcab, Mexico | |
OX20 | Cultivated | (F)_20 | Oxcutzcab, Mexico |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Plant Material, DNA Extraction, and Isolation of Microsatellites
3.2. Fingerprinting
3.3. Genetic Diversity and Cluster Analyses
3.4. Genetic Structure and Cluster Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Arias, R.S.; Martínez-Castillo, J.; Sobolev, V.S.; Blancarte-Jasso, N.H.; Simpson, S.A.; Ballard, L.L.; Duke, M.V.; Liu, X.F.; Irish, B.M.; Scheffler, B.E. Development of a Large Set of Microsatellite Markers in Zapote Mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) and Their Potential Use in the Study of the Species. Molecules 2015, 20, 11400-11417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200611400
Arias RS, Martínez-Castillo J, Sobolev VS, Blancarte-Jasso NH, Simpson SA, Ballard LL, Duke MV, Liu XF, Irish BM, Scheffler BE. Development of a Large Set of Microsatellite Markers in Zapote Mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) and Their Potential Use in the Study of the Species. Molecules. 2015; 20(6):11400-11417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200611400
Chicago/Turabian StyleArias, Renée S., Jaime Martínez-Castillo, Victor S. Sobolev, Nasib H. Blancarte-Jasso, Sheron A. Simpson, Linda L. Ballard, Mary V. Duke, Xiaofen F. Liu, Brian M. Irish, and Brian E. Scheffler. 2015. "Development of a Large Set of Microsatellite Markers in Zapote Mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) and Their Potential Use in the Study of the Species" Molecules 20, no. 6: 11400-11417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200611400