Influence of Chemical Extraction Conditions on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Polysaccharide Gum from Durian (Durio zibethinus) Seed
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Volumes-Weighted Mean (D [4,3])
Regression coefficient | Volume mean (μm) | Span | Solubility (80 °C, %) | WHC (g water/100 g gum) | OHC (g oil/100 g gum) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | −51.76 | 4.2821 | 20.4917 | 279.50 | 185.18 |
b1 | 0.82 | −0.0021 | 0.2796 | - | 0.25 |
b2 | 12.68 | −0.7422 | - | −16.72 | 24.24 |
b3 | 1.22 | 0.0848 | −0.0744 | −3.90 | −7.32 |
b12 | - | - | - | - | −0.00 |
b22 | - | 0.0243 | - | - | −0.66 |
b32 | 0.05 | - | 0.0107 | - | 0.06 |
b12 | - | 0.0022 | - | - | −0.05 |
b13 | −0.02 | −0.0005 | −0.0063 | - | 0.01 |
b23 | −0.39 | - | - | 0.50 | −0.15 |
R2 | 0.750 | 0.824 | 0.925 | 0.780 | 0.979 |
p-value | 0.027 * | 0.011 * | 0.027 * | 0.038 * | 0.004 * |
Lack of fit (p-value) | 0.188 | 0.499 | 0.236 | 0.353 | 0.508 |
Variables | Main effects | Quadratic effects | Interaction effects | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1 | x2 | x3 | x11 | x22 | x33 | x1x2 | x1x3 | x2x3 | ||
Volume Weighted mean (μm) | p-value | 0.020 | 0.024 | 0.557 * | - | - | 0.021 | - | 0.042 | 0.014 |
F-ratio | 7.919 | 7.328 | 0.372 | - | - | 7.795 | - | 5.636 | 9.272 | |
Span | p-value | 0.853 * | 0.003 | 0.013 | - | 0.034 | - | 0.023 | 0.046 | - |
F-ratio | 0.036 | 15.674 | 9.400 | - | 6.215 | - | 7.513 | 5.373 | - | |
Solubility (80 °C, %) | p-value | 0.011 | - | 0.859 * | - | - | 0.042 | - | 0.010 | - |
F-ratio | 9.200 | - | 0.033 | - | - | 5.303 | - | 9.600 | - | |
WHC | p-value | - | 0.014 | 0.011 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.007 |
F-ratio | - | 8.433 | 9.223 | - | - | - | - | - | 10.857 | |
OHC | p-value | 0.243 * | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.017 | 0.011 | 0.034 |
F-ratio | 1.753 | 38.267 | 35.557 | 22.591 | 31.629 | 22.307 | 12.215 | 15.288 | 8.346 |
2.2. Span or Particle Size Distribution
2.3. Solubility
2.4. Water-Holding Capacity (WHC)
2.5. Oil-Holding Capacity (OHC)
3. Experimental
3.1. Chemicals and Standards
3.2. Chemical Extraction of Crude Durian Seed Gum
3.3. Analytical Tests
3.3.1. Volume-Weighted Means (D [4,3])
3.3.2. Span
3.3.3. Solubility
3.3.4. Water- and Oil-Holding Capacity
3.4. Experimental Design and Data Analysis
Runs | Blocks | Decolouring time (x1, min) | Soaking time (x2, h) | Soaking temperature (x3, °C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 * | 1 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
2 | 1 | 60.0 | 4.0 | 25.0 |
3 | 1 | 180.0 | 12.0 | 25.0 |
4 | 1 | 60.0 | 12.0 | 55.0 |
5 | 1 | 180.0 | 4.0 | 55.0 |
6 * | 1 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
7 | 2 | 180.0 | 12.0 | 55.0 |
8 | 2 | 60.0 | 4.0 | 55.0 |
9 * | 2 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
10 | 2 | 60.0 | 12.0 | 25.0 |
11 | 2 | 180.0 | 4.0 | 25.0 |
12 * | 2 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
13 | 3 | 120.0 | 14.5 | 40.0 |
14 | 3 | 218.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
15 * | 3 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
16 | 3 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 64.5 |
17 | 3 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 15.5 |
18 * | 3 | 120.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
19 | 3 | 22.0 | 8.0 | 40.0 |
20 | 3 | 120.0 | 1.5 | 40.0 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds (i.e., Durian seed gum) are available from the authors.
References and Notes
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Mirhosseini, H.; Amid, B.T. Influence of Chemical Extraction Conditions on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Polysaccharide Gum from Durian (Durio zibethinus) Seed. Molecules 2012, 17, 6465-6480. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066465
Mirhosseini H, Amid BT. Influence of Chemical Extraction Conditions on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Polysaccharide Gum from Durian (Durio zibethinus) Seed. Molecules. 2012; 17(6):6465-6480. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066465
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirhosseini, Hamed, and Bahareh Tabatabaee Amid. 2012. "Influence of Chemical Extraction Conditions on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Polysaccharide Gum from Durian (Durio zibethinus) Seed" Molecules 17, no. 6: 6465-6480. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066465